The purpose of this study was to carry out a five-year retrospective descriptive follow-up of the oral manifestation frequency, systemic condition and type of medication used in HIV-infected children and adolescents after the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy. Fifty-eight patients were examined in 2001/2002, and their previous medical and dental records (1997 to 2000) were researched from files. There was an occurrence of 7 new cases of AIDS in a sample of 19 children, while 46.5% of the entire sample (n = 58) progressed as to classification of HIV infection. No difference was noted among the frequencies of oral manifestations, categories of the immunosuppression and viral load categories. The oral manifestations in the group of children and adolescents followed up in this study remained stable, even after treatment with combined antiretroviral therapy. However, a downward trend in the frequency of oral candidiasis and parotid enlargement was noted.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242004000100002 | DOI Listing |
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Suven Life Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Background: Centrally acting muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists like atropine and scopolamine can induce psychosis-like symptoms. Xanomeline, a muscarinic M1/M4 preferring agonist attenuated the effects of amphetamine (animal model for schizophrenia) in the wild-type mice, however, such effects were absent in muscarinic M4 knockout mice. In addition, xanomeline was also found to be effective in attenuating neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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December 2024
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Background: The National Institutes of Health Toolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function (NIHTB) was developed to address the need for a brief yet comprehensive instrument to facilitate more uniform assessment in large-scale research studies. Here, we investigated whether the cognitive measures of the NIHTB detect cognitive decline in biomarker-confirmed Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Method: We used data from N = 178 participants (age 76.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Background: Cognitive dysfunction occurs in approximately 40% of individuals diagnosed with heart failure (HF). This study aims to describe perceived cognitive effectiveness among patients with HF and examine associations with performance-based measures of cognitive dysfunction.
Method: Baseline data were used from a 2-group randomized controlled trial testing a cognitive intervention to improve attention among 73 patients with HF.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
IPSIBAT (CONICET/National University of Mar del Plata), Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Background: Neuropsychological language assessment batteries usually include connected speech tasks (e.g. the description of a picture).
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December 2024
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Background: Age-related cognitive decline (ARCD) refers to the cognitive changes that occur in individuals because of aging. Research suggests that the underlying mechanism behind ARCD is a loss of synaptic plasticity and altered dendritic spine morphology. Similarly, the cognitive changes in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) are also thought to arise from impaired synaptic plasticity and dendritic spine loss.
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