The pediatric neurologist's role in the neonatal intensive care unit is described in four clinical settings: (1) assessment of outcome in neonatal encephalopathy, (2) treatment of seizures in full-term infants, (3) assessment and treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, and (4) assessment of outcome in preterm infants. Emphasis is placed on the evidenced-based information available in these settings and on new therapies on the horizon. Using evidence-based information, the pediatric neurologist can accurately assess prognosis in the neonatal period, and this can provide the basis for a rational assessment of newer therapies in neonatal intensive care.
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