To understand the motivations and implications of the prevalence of smoking, studies have compared the behavioral effects of nicotine, the psychoactive drug in tobacco, in adolescent and adult animals. The present study used a biased three-chambered conditioned-place preference procedure without prior habituation to examine the potential rewarding and anxiolytic effects of nicotine across adolescence and adulthood to assess the presence of age-dependent differences in response to nicotine.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1308.052 | DOI Listing |
Health Econ
January 2025
Centro de Investigaciones Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad Privada Boliviana, La Paz, Bolivia.
In this research we show that ambitious increases in tobacco tax rates can substantially reduce tobacco consumption, increase fiscal revenue, and provide net positive social benefits even in contexts of low consumption prevalence and intensity. Low nicotine intake still constitutes a grave disease risk factor, and the effectiveness of tax increases might be questioned if income effects are small. We adapt spatial variation of price methodologies to deal with low prevalence and intensity, censored data, and small samples using the Bolivian case as an illustration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Res
January 2025
University of St. Thomas, Department of Biology, Mail OWS 390, 2115 Summit Ave, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA.
Emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) are a growing concern for aquatic ecosystems, underscoring the need for advanced risk assessment methodologies. This study employed an integrated approach to evaluate the risks associated with 563 EOCs across 13 monitoring sites along the Sava River in Croatia. Sampling was conducted during the winter and spring months, spanning February to May.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open
December 2024
The University of Newcastle College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
Introduction: Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and the single most significant risk behaviour contributing to adverse health conditions among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. There is an urgent need for innovative approaches to support reductions in smoking prevalence. This study will assess the implementation and effectiveness of a mailed smoking cessation support programme that includes nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) () for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNicotine Tob Res
January 2025
Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Introduction: Tobacco smoking has been associated with reduced success in the labor market, potentially due to its negative impact on labor productivity, especially in physically demanding jobs, as it affects physical fitness and performance adversely.
Methods: This prospective study used data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study survey, linked to register information on labor market outcomes and education attainment, to examine the association between tobacco smoking and long-term labor market outcomes (earnings and employment, N = 1953). Smoking levels were determined by cigarette pack-years in 2001, as reported in the survey, whereas annual earnings and employment status were tracked from 2001 to 2019.
Chem Biol Interact
January 2025
Department of Community Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
Betel quid contains two major ingredients; Areca catechu and Piper betel, often consumed with slaked lime, tobacco, certain flavouring agents, colouring agents, herbs, and spices according to personal preferences. The areca nut alkaloids (arecoline, arecaidine, guvacine, and guvacoline), and tobacco alkaloids (nicotine, nor-nicotine) undergo nitrosation during chewing in the oral cavity with the presence of nitrite and thiocyanate and endogenously. Among the nitrosation products generated areca nut-derived nitrosamine (ADNA): 3-(methylnitrosamino) Propionitrile (MNPN) and the two tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs); N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone) (NNK) are considered Group 1 human carcinogens.
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