AI Article Synopsis
- Rats treated with choline chloride showed a 31% increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in adrenal chromaffin cells after 24 hours, linked to higher levels of choline and acetylcholine.
- The elevated acetylcholine levels returned to normal after 16 hours, but daily choline administration for 4 days sustained increased enzyme activity (up to 51%).
- Increases in tyrosine hydroxylase were not seen with ammonium chloride or cycloheximide treatments, suggesting the rise in activity is specific to choline's effect on neurotransmitter release at cholinergic synapses.
Article Abstract
Twenty-four hours after rats receive choline chloride (20 mmol/kg, by stomach tube) the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase [tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.16.2] increases by 31% within adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. This treatment also causes major elevations in the levels of choline and acetylcholine within the adrenal gland; however, acetylcholine levels return to normal by 16 hr after the choline is given. The daily administration of 10 or 20 mmol/kg of choline for 4 days elevates adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase activity by 29% or 51%, respectively. Such increases in tyrosine hydroxylase activity are not observed in animals given ammonium chloride, another basic chloride-containing compound, by stomach tube or in animals treated with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of adrenal protein synthesis. They are also absent in denervated adrenals. These observations demonstrate that the increase in presynaptic acetylcholine levels produced by giving animals the neurotransmitter's precursor (choline) can be associated with parallel changes in the transmission of signals across cholinergic synapses, probably because more of the transmitter is released per nerve impulse.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC392382 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.74.2.798 | DOI Listing |
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