The divergence and alignment indicator (DAI) was developed to test the alignment of the imaging plane in a neutron beam and to determine the divergence angle of the beam. The construction of the device was intentionally kept simple to allow ease of implementation. The DAI consists of an aluminum plate and rods, and cadmium wire for contrast. The device was tested in the Pennsylvania State University Breazeale Nuclear Reactor neutron radiography beam. Three basic cases (aligned, aligned in only one direction, and completely misaligned), were used to determine that the derived equations for calculating the beam divergence were correct for each case. During the use of a newly fabricated DAI device, it was discovered that the most prominent weakness of the DAI is the precision necessary in the construction. For example, the top of the plate must be precisely flat. Otherwise, the minor differences in height will lead to large discrepancies in the data.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.03.085 | DOI Listing |
J Chem Theory Comput
January 2025
Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P.R. China.
Milestoning is an efficient method for calculating rare event kinetics by constructing a continuous-time kinetic network that connects the reactant and product states. Its accuracy depends on both the quality of the underlying force fields and the trajectory sampling. The sampling error can be effectively controlled through various methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychol
January 2025
University College Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Many recent approaches to identity share a foundational similarity with ecological psychology, namely, to place identity in its context. That is, they explicitly place identity in its physical and social environments. Yet, we can distinguish at least two different approaches that diverge fundamentally with regards to the role that this "context" has in identity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Parasitol
January 2025
Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd NE #2006, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Foundational theory on life cycle evolution suggests that given genetic independence, the phenotypes presented by different life stages will diverge more when they occupy more distinct niches. When divergence between stages is significant and punctual, we typically consider the life cycle complex. In parasites, the delineation between simple and complex life cycles is usually made between those that utilize single and multiple host species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvolution
January 2025
Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
To better understand the sources of biological diversity in nature, we need information on the mechanisms underlying population divergence. Biological systems with patterns of naturally occurring adaptive variation among populations can provide insight into the genetic architecture of diverging traits and the influence of genetic constraints on responses to selection. Using a system of reproductive character displacement in the North American mushroom-feeding fly Drosophila subquinaria, we assessed patterns of genetic (co)variance among a suite of chemical signaling traits and divergence in this pattern among populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Oncol
January 2025
Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Heavy Ion Therapy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Purpose: Recent deep-learning based synthetic computed tomography (sCT) generation using magnetic resonance (MR) images have shown promising results. However, generating sCT for the abdominal region poses challenges due to the patient motion, including respiration and peristalsis. To address these challenges, this study investigated an unsupervised learning approach using a transformer-based cycle-GAN with structure-preserving loss for abdominal cancer patients.
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