A thin lubricant film confined between two substrates in moving contact is studied using Langevin molecular dynamics with the coordinate- and velocity-dependent damping coefficient. It is shown that an optimal choice of the interaction within the lubricant can lead to minimal kinetic friction as well as to low critical velocity of the stick-slip to smooth-sliding transition. The strength of this interaction should be high enough (relative to the strength of the interaction of lubricant atoms with the substrates) so that the lubricant remains in a solid state during sliding. At the same time, the strength of the interaction should not be too high, in order to allow annealing of defects in the lubricant at slips.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.256103 | DOI Listing |
J Mol Model
January 2025
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
Context: To address the severe fuel crisis and environmental pollution, the use of lightweight metal materials, such as AZ alloy, represents an optimal solution. This study investigates the mechanical behavior and deformation mechanism of AZ alloys under uniaxial compressive using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The influence of various compositions, grain sizes (GSs), and temperatures on the compressive stress, the ultimate compressive strength (UCS), compressive yield stress (CYS), Young's modulus (E), shear strain, phase transformation, dislocation distribution, and total deformation length is thoroughly examined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Form Res
January 2025
Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, PO Box 17, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands.
Background: The lifestyle intervention ProMuscle, which combines resistance exercise and an increased protein intake, was effective in improving muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical functioning in older adults. However, due to a growing shortage of health care professionals, the rapidly growing aging population cannot be personally guided in the future. Therefore, Uni2Move, a scalable web-based variant of ProMuscle, was designed to reach larger groups of older adults without putting additional burden on health care professionals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Nutr Prev Health
November 2024
Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Background: The effects of multiple early adverse psychosocial and biological factors on child development at preschool age in deprived settings are not fully understood.
Methods: The 'Etiology, Risk Factors and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development' (MAL-ED) project followed children from eight countries, recording sociodemographic, nutritional, illness, enteroinfection biomarkers and scores for quality of home environment (Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME)), development (Bayley) and maternal depression during the first year of life. In the Pakistan cohort, we investigated associations of these early factors with Z-scores (derived from the eight participating countries) of three developmental outcomes at 5 years: Executive Functions (Z-EF), the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale for Intelligence (Z-WPPSI) and the externalising behaviours component of the Strength and Difficulties test (Z-externalising behaviours).
Calcif Tissue Int
January 2025
University of Pittsburgh, 3860 S. Water St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA.
Sport participation affects body composition and bone health, but the association between sport, body composition, and bone health in female athletes is complex. We compared areal bone mineral density (aBMD, DXA) and tibial volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), geometry, microarchitecture, and estimated strength (HR-pQCT) in cross-country runners (n = 22), gymnasts (n = 23) and lacrosse players (n = 35), and investigated associations of total body lean mass (TBLM), team, and their interaction with tibial bone outcomes. Total body (TB), total hip (TH), femoral neck (FN), and lumbar spine (LS) aBMD were higher in gymnasts than runners (p < 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, Justus Liebig University, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10F, 35394, Gießen, Germany.
Adapting movements to rapidly changing conditions is fundamental for interacting with our dynamic environment. This adaptability relies on internal models that predict and evaluate sensory outcomes to adjust motor commands. Even infants anticipate object properties for efficient grasping, suggesting the use of internal models.
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