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Renal Tubular Acidosis: Core Curriculum 2025.
Am J Kidney Dis
January 2025
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Renal tubular acidoses (RTAs) are a subset of non-anion gap metabolic acidoses that result from complex disturbances in renal acid excretion. Net acid excretion is primarily accomplished through the reclamation of sodium bicarbonate and the buffering of secreted protons with ammonia or dibasic phosphate, all of which require a series of highly complex and coordinated processes along the renal tubule. Flaws in any of these components lead to the development of metabolic acidosis and/or a failure to compensate fully for other systemic acidoses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrenatal metal(loid) exposure and preterm birth: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol
January 2025
Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is a common pregnancy complication associated with significant neonatal morbidity. Prenatal exposure to environmental chemicals, including toxic and/or essential metal(loid)s, may contribute to PTB risk.
Objective: We aimed to summarize the epidemiologic evidence of the associations among levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) assessed during the prenatal period and PTB or gestational age at delivery; to assess the quality of the literature and strength of evidence for an effect for each metal; and to provide recommendations for future research.
Multidimensional library for the improved identification of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).
Sci Data
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
As the occurrence of human diseases and conditions increase, questions continue to arise about their linkages to chemical exposure, especially for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Currently, many chemicals of concern have limited experimental information available for their use in analytical assessments. Here, we aim to increase this knowledge by providing the scientific community with multidimensional characteristics for 175 PFAS and their resulting 281 ion types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAGA Clinical Practice Guideline on the Prevention and Treatment of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in At-Risk Individuals.
Gastroenterology
February 2025
Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Health Care System, Cleveland, Ohio; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
Background & Aims: Hepatitis B reactivation (HBVr) can occur due to a variety of immune-modulating exposures, including multiple drug classes and disease states. Antiviral prophylaxis can be effective in mitigating the risk of HBVr. In select cases, clinical monitoring without antiviral prophylaxis is sufficient for managing the risk of HBVr.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImplementation of An Advance Care Planning Intervention in Dialysis Clinics.
Am J Kidney Dis
January 2025
School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, U.S.A.
Rationale & Objective: Sharing Patient's Illness Representations to Increase Trust (SPIRIT) is an evidence-based advance care planning intervention targeting dialysis patients and their surrogate decision-makers. To address SPIRIT's implementation potential, we report on a process evaluation in our recently completed five-state cluster-randomized trial.
Study Design: A descriptive study of implementation within a randomized clinical trial.
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