Actinomycosis is an uncommon chronic infection in which primary liver involvement accounts for 5% of all actinomycotic infections. Abdominal actinomycosis is a severe and progressive peritoneal infection due to an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium, Actinomyces israelii. The presence of a long-standing intrauterine device (IUD) is a well-known risk factor in young women. Although hepatic lesions are present in 15% of cases of abdominal actinomycotic infection, liver involvement in the majority of these cases is attributable to metastatic spread from other evident intraabdominal sites. Hepatic actinomycosis presents most commonly as a single abscess. However, hepatic actinomycosis can closely mimic a malignant tumor on clinical and radiological examination. Such lesions have been termed inflammatory pseudotumors. Tissue specimens for microscopic examination are necessary for diagnosis. We report a rare case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver caused by actinomycotic infection.
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