Many types of synapses throughout the nervous system are transiently depressed during high-frequency stimulation. Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for this depression, including depletion of release-ready vesicles. However, numerous studies have raised doubts about the importance of depletion in depression of central synapses and have implicated alternative mechanisms, such as decreased release probability. We use variance-mean analysis to determine the mechanism of depression at the climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapse. We find that postsynaptic receptor saturation makes it difficult to distinguish between a decrease in available vesicles and a reduction in release probability. When AMPA receptor saturation is relieved with a low-affinity antagonist, variance-mean analysis reveals that depression arises from a decrease in the number of release-ready vesicles. Vesicle depletion is prominent, despite numerous docked vesicles at each release site, due to multivesicular release. We conclude that vesicle depletion can contribute significantly to depression of central synapses.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2004.06.022 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Genetic and phytochemical evaluation of M2 generation mutants of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) induced by gamma rays and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS).
Mol Biol Rep
November 2024
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
Article Synopsis
- Fenugreek is valued for its health benefits, and this study explores using gamma rays and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) to enhance its genetic and phytochemical traits, particularly trigonelline content.* -
- Various EMS and gamma ray concentrations were applied to fenugreek seeds, leading to the assessment of 27 traits and genetic diversity in the M2 generation, where lower doses showed positive effects on traits, while higher doses increased trigonelline content.* -
- The research highlights the effectiveness of induced mutagenesis in improving fenugreek’s desirable characteristics, with findings suggesting specific genetic markers and clustering patterns among the M2 offspring.*
Revealing pest patterns: A comparative spatial distribution analysis of insect threats in Kharif rice across the key agricultural regions in the Eastern India.
Pest Manag Sci
October 2024
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva Bharati, Sriniketan, India.
Background: This study investigates the spatial distribution and aggregation patterns of major insect pests in Kharif rice fields during the 2023 growing season in Eastern India. The analysis focuses on key pests such as yellow stem borer (YSB), gall midge, green leaf hopper (GLH), and brown planthopper (BPH), as well as rice thrips, caseworm, whorl maggot, Gundhi bug, grasshopper, and leaf folder. Using statistical indices, this study aims to understand pest behavior across Standard Meteorological Weeks (SMWs) to better inform pest control strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTaylor's law on abundance unravels the role of traits and environmental conditions on population dynamics.
J Anim Ecol
October 2024
Departamento de Ecologia y Gestion Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Maldonado, Uruguay.
The variance-mean scaling in population abundance or Taylor's power law (TPL) has been reported hundreds of times and is related to ecological processes such as competition, dispersal or territoriality. In this sense, the TPL was extensively validated to resume population variability and to show the action of ecological mechanisms. Baumgartner and Peláez (2024) combine databases of fish dynamics along the United States, species traits, species phylogeny and climatic conditions, estimating the TPL for 180 species along 972 populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFailure analysis in predictive maintenance: Belt drive diagnostics with expert systems and Taguchi method for unconventional vibration features.
Heliyon
July 2024
Training and Workshops Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq.
Predictive maintenance to avoid fatigue and failure enhances the reliability of mechanics, herewith, this paper explores vibrational time-domain data in advancing fault diagnosis of predictive maintenance. This study leveraged a belt-drive system with the properties: operating rotational speeds of 500-2000 RPM, belt pretensions at 70 and 150 N, and three operational cases of healthy, faulty and unbalanced, which leads to 12 studied cases. In this analysis, two one-axis piezoelectric accelerometers were utilized to capture vibration signals near the driver and pulley.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpatial interpolation techniques comparison and evaluation: The case of ground-based gravity and elevation datasets of the central Main Ethiopian rift.
Heliyon
June 2024
Institute of Geophysics Space Sciences and Astronomy, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
The ground-based gravity data reveals diverse anomaly signatures in areas of the Main Ethiopian rift where active volcanic and tectonic activities are dominant. In such a region ground-based data collection is restricted to existing roads and relies on accessible stations. These resulted in gaps in data, either missing, uneven, or insufficient spatial coverage that must be estimated with proper interpolation techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!