During the past two decades, our nation's nonprofit sector has undergone a tremendous increase in size and complexity causing a sea change in nonprofit governance. Today's standard of performance expected of trustees in nonprofits is much higher than it once was. Yet many trustees do not possess a clear understanding of their role, thus jeopardizing the future of nonprofits. This paper explains the causes and implications of this sea change in nonprofit governance and presents five success factors that the senior management of nonprofits can apply to improve board performance.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.5034/inquiryjrnl_41.1.6 | DOI Listing |
Sci Adv
January 2025
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Ice core measurements reveal dipole-like snow accumulation trends over West Antarctica throughout the 20th century, with an increase of >2000 billion metric tons over the Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land but a decrease of ~500 billion metric tons over Marie Byrd Land. Although atmospheric teleconnections were frequently revealed, linking variability between tropics and higher latitudes on interannual and decadal timescales, centennial-scale teleconnection is absent from literature. Here, using statistical analysis and numerical experiments, we reveal that changes of tropical oceans throughout the 20th century drive the long-term Antarctic snowfall trend.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegr Environ Assess Manag
January 2025
Department of Environmental Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, India.
The rising frequency and severity of landslides in the vulnerable Himalayan region of India threaten human settlements and critical infrastructure. This growing issue demands urgent action and innovative strategies to mitigate risks and bolster the resilience of affected communities and infrastructure in this fragile area. The research explores the use of Alnus nepalensis for slope stabilization, illustrated by a case study near Ukhimath, Uttarakhand, India, and elucidates the potential ecological niche of Alnus in the temperate region of Uttarakhand using well-dispersed species occurrence records along with environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Technol
January 2025
Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan.
Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) significantly influence aerosol-cloud precipitation interactions at regional and global scales. However, information regarding the concentrations and origins of INPs over the open ocean, particularly at high latitudes, remains insufficient due to access difficulties. In this study, we investigated the concentrations and origins of INPs over the western North Pacific to the Arctic Ocean through ship-borne observations conducted in the early autumn of 2016.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Environ Microbiol
January 2025
CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
Sexual reproduction and recruitment enhance the genetic diversity and evolution of reef-building corals for population recovery and coral reef conservation under climate change. However, new recruits are vulnerable to physical changes and the mechanisms of symbiosis establishment remain poorly understood. Here, , a broadcast spawning hermaphrodite reef-building coral, was subjected to settlement and juvenile growth in flow-through seawater at 27.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn N Y Acad Sci
January 2025
Environmental Physics Laboratory (EPhysLab), Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain.
This study uses a combination of the FLEXPART Lagrangian dispersion model with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale Eulerian model (FLEXPART-WRF) to analyze the expected mid- to late-century changes in the moisture sources and sinks of the North American East Coast (ENA) and the Gulf of Mexico (GM), as well as their most relevant abrupt moisture transport events-atmospheric rivers (ARs) and low-level jets of the Great Plains (GPLLJ) and the Caribbean (CLLJ). Both the ENA and GM are expected to increase in importance as moisture source regions over the century, both overall and in their contributions to the ARs and both LLJs. A notable increase in the intensity of the GPLLJ and CLLJ moisture sources is also observed.
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