Among a consecutive series of 9,279 sternotomies performed during a period of 2(1/2) years, 61 (0.66%) patients developed significant wound complications. Of these, 58 (95.1%) survived. Sternal infection occurred in 36 patients (0.39%). Predisposing factors included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, closed chest massage, prolonged assisted ventilation, and excessive bleeding after operation. Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) did not, in itself, predispose to sternal dehiscence. Intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) treatments caused excessive coughing, which may have increased the likelihood of dehiscence. Disposable drapes and expeditious surgery probably contributed to the low incidence of wound infection. Early diagnosis, surgical debridement, rewiring and primary closure with substernal drainage, without continuous antibiotic irrigation, resulted in satisfactory resolution in most patients.
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