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Anti-platelet factor 4 antibody-mediated disorders: an updated narrative review.
Semin Thromb Hemost
January 2025
of Medicine, Universita degli Studi di Padova Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Padova, Italy.
Anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibody-mediated disorders are a heterogenous group of diseases characterized by the presence of highly pathogenic immunoglobulins G directed against PF4 and/or PF4/heparin complexes. These antibodies are able to activate platelets, neutrophils and monocytes, thus resulting in thrombocytopenia and a hypercoagulable state. Five different forms of anti-PF4 antibody-mediated disorders have been identified: i) classic heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (cHIT) mediated by heparin and certain polyanionic drugs; ii) autoimmune HIT (aHIT) characterized by the presence of anti-PFA/polyanion antibodies that can strongly activate platelets even in the absence of heparin; iii) spontaneous HIT (spHIT) characterized by thrombocytopenia and thrombosis without proximate exposure to heparin, with two subtypes: (a) post-total knee arthroplasty, and cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and (b) post-infections; iv) vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) characterized by thrombocytopenia, arterial and venous thrombosis, or secondary hemorrhage after receiving adenoviral vector vaccines for COVID-19; v) VITT-like disorders triggered by adenoviral infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Role of CBGTC Synaptic Neurotransmission in the Pathophysiology of Tics.
Psychiatr Clin North Am
March 2025
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
The pathophysiology of tic disorders involves an alteration in the transmission of messages through the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuit. A major requirement for the passage of a message through this circuit is an intact chemically mediated synaptic neurotransmitter system (ie, neurotransmitters and second messengers). This article reviews the scientific evidence supporting the involvement of a variety of neurotransmitters (ie, dopamine, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, acetylcholine, and the opioid system).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPreparation and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a sertraline-methylpropyphenazone prodrug: a comparative metabolic study on the plasma and brain tissues of rats using LC-MS/MS analysis.
RSC Adv
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80260 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia +966 553399718.
A mutual prodrug of sertraline-methylpropyphenazone (SER-MP) was prepared and characterized using a spectral method. The yield of the prepared SER-MP was 90%, and its purity reached 98.8%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConfocal Endomicroscopy Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Abnormalities in Individuals Without Documented Gastro-Intestinal Disease.
United European Gastroenterol J
January 2025
Department of Gastroenterology, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Background And Aims: Probe-based confocal endomicroscopy (pCLE) allows real-time microscopic visualization of the intestinal mucosa surface layers. Despite remission achieved through anti-tumor necrosis factor or vedolizumab therapy, anomalies in the intestinal epithelial barrier are observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Our study aimed to assess these abnormalities in non-IBD individuals and compare them with IBD patients in endoscopic remission to identify the associated factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparison of clinicodemographic characteristics in patients with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors poisoning: A cross-sectional study.
Med J Armed Forces India
July 2024
Associate Professor (Clinical Toxicology), Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Background: Our objective of this study was to evaluate patients of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) overdose and compare the toxicological effects of citalopram overdose with other SSRIs in adult poisoning cases.
Methods: This cross-sectional study focused on acute, known-type SSRI ingestions. Demographic and toxicological data were collected on the patients.
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