AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses
Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Review and Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Published: May 2004
To determine whether subtypes of HIV-1 and HIV-2 vary in their ability to induce T cell apoptosis in vitro, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors and CEM.NKR-CCR5 cells were infected with a variety of HIV-1 and HIV-2 isolates in vitro. Apoptotic cell levels and chemokine and cytokine production were analyzed. Significant variations in cytopathic effects following in vitro infection with primary isolates of HIV-1 or HIV-2 subtypes were observed in PBMCs. The percent of apoptotic cells from each individual ranged from 2 to 78% after HIV-1 infection and from 0 to 28% after HIV-2 infection (p < 0.01). We did not observe significant differences in the degree of apoptosis induced among cells infected with different HIV-1 group M subtypes or group O virus, nor among cells infected with different HIV-2 isolates. However, HIV-2 induced significantly lower degree of apoptosis overall in PBMC and CEM.NKR-CC5 cells when compared with HIV-1 subtypes (p < 0.0001). No significant differences were observed in the production of chemokines, such as RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta, and cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and TNF-beta when PBMC cultures were infected with different HIV-1 subtype viruses, or HIV-2 isolates. In conclusion, HIV-2 isolates induced significantly lower levels of T cell apoptosis in both PBMC and CEM.NKR-CCR5 cells than HIV-1 isolates. No differences in T cell apoptosis levels were seen between different subtypes of HIV-1 group M or group O isolates. This is consistent with the mild clinical course of infection with HIV-2 that has been reported relative to that observed with HIV-1.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/088922204323087750 | DOI Listing |
Biosens Bioelectron
March 2025
Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA. Electronic address:
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a major global health concern for which accurate viral load monitoring is essential for the management of HIV infection. The advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed once-fatal HIV disease into a manageable chronic condition that now makes the need for VL testing which aims to satisfy international suppression targets 95-95-95 al l the more essential. Therefore, considering the complexity and diversity of HIV infection, it is essential to develop rapid diagnostic technologies suitable for different clinical situations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc
February 2024
Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Ciudad de México, México.
J Clin Virol
December 2024
Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain; CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Introduction: There are few validated commercially available HIV-2 assays for the measurement of viral load. Our aim was to compare three commercial assays for the quantification of HIV-2 viral load in plasma of patients with HIV-2 infection from our hospital.
Material And Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at our tertiary-care hospital, analyzing samples from patients with known HIV-2 infection collected between 2022 and 2023.
STAR Protoc
December 2024
RocRock Biotechnology (Suzhou), Suzhou 215000, China. Electronic address:
Human-derived macrophages are notoriously difficult to infect with HIV-1-based lentiviruses, posing a limitation to the advancement of chimeric antigen receptor macrophage (CAR-M) therapy. Here, we present a protocol for generating human chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered macrophages using the viral protein Vpx (encoded by the Sooty Mangabey simian immunodeficiency virus [SIV] and HIV-2 lineages) incorporated into the lentivirus vector, which enhances infection efficiency. We describe steps for cell cultivation, lentivirus production, concentration, infection procedures, and efficiency assessments.
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