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Gut Microbiome Modulation of Glutamate Dynamics: Implications for Brain Health and Neurotoxicity.
Nutrients
December 2024
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel.
The gut-brain axis plays an integral role in maintaining overall health, with growing evidence suggesting its impact on the development of various neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. This review explores the complex relationship between gut microbiota and glutamate (Glu) regulation, highlighting its effect on brain health, particularly in the context of depression following certain neurological insults. We discuss how microbial populations can either facilitate or limit Glu uptake, influencing its bioavailability and predisposing to neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of Omega-3 on Endocannabinoid System Expression and Function, Enhancing Cognition and Behavior in Male Mice.
Nutrients
December 2024
Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
: Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) support brain cell membrane integrity and help mitigate synaptic plasticity deficits. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is integral to synaptic plasticity and regulates various brain functions. While PUFAs influence the ECS, the effects of omega-3 on the ECS, cognition, and behavior in a healthy brain remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPreparation of Antioxidant Peptides from Chicken Bone Proteins and the Influence of Their Compositional Characteristics on Antioxidant Activity.
Foods
December 2024
Lab of Biorefinery, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
Antioxidants play an important role in maintaining health and enhancing food stability by neutralizing free radicals. This study aimed to extract antioxidant peptides from white-feathered chicken bones through enzymatic hydrolysis, optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, and further investigate the relevance between the amino acid composition, molecular weight, and antioxidant activity of the resulting chicken bone hydrolysate. Alcalase was the most effective enzyme for hydrolyzing cooked chicken bones compared with papain, pepsin, and trypsin, yielding hydrolysates with the highest DH and ABTS radical scavenging activity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClearing Amyloid-Beta by Astrocytes: The Role of Rho GTPases Signaling Pathways as Potential Therapeutic Targets.
Brain Sci
December 2024
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Astrocytes, vital support cells in the central nervous system (CNS), are crucial for maintaining neuronal health. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), astrocytes play a key role in clearing toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Aβ, a potent neuroinflammatory trigger, stimulates astrocytes to release excessive glutamate and inflammatory factors, exacerbating neuronal dysfunction and death.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Signaling in Hippocampal Neurons.
Biomolecules
December 2024
Department of Biophysics of Ion Channels, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key organelle in cellular homeostasis, regulating calcium levels and coordinating protein synthesis and folding. In neurons, the ER forms interconnected sheets and tubules that facilitate the propagation of calcium-based signals. Calcium plays a central role in the modulation and regulation of numerous functions in excitable cells.
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