AI Article Synopsis

  • The study explored how Caribbean Latina mothers perceive and label distress in their children, focusing on behaviors linked to anxiety and disruptive actions.
  • Findings revealed that 40% of children with disruptive behaviors were attributed anxiety by their mothers, particularly through hyperactive and restless behavior rather than fears.
  • The term 'nervios' was categorized into three types: as an illness, a crisis, and a temperament, with the latter being the only one applied specifically to children.

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Background: There is limited evidence of high-quality, accessible, culturally safe, and effective digital health interventions for Indigenous mothers and babies. Like any other intervention, the feasibility and efficacy of digital health interventions depend on how well they are co-designed with Indigenous communities and their adaptability to intracultural diversity.

Objective: This study aims to adapt an existing co-designed mobile health (mHealth) intervention app with health professionals and Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander mothers living in South Australia.

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The latent viral reservoir remains the major barrier to HIV cure, placing the burden of strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) on people living with HIV to prevent recrudescence of viremia. For infants with perinatally acquired HIV, adherence is anticipated to be a lifelong need. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that administration of ART and viral Envelope-specific rhesus-derived IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (RhmAbs) with or without the IL-15 superagonist N-803 early in infection would limit viral reservoir establishment in SIV-infected infant rhesus macaques.

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ATRX mutation modifies the DNA damage response in glioblastoma multiforme tumor cells and enhances patient prognosis.

Medicine (Baltimore)

January 2025

Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.

The presence of specific genetic mutations in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is associated with improved survival outcomes. Disruption of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway in tumor cells enhances the effectiveness of radiotherapy drugs, while increased mutational burden following tumor cell damage also facilitates the efficacy of immunotherapy. The ATRX gene, located on chromosome X, plays a crucial role in DDR.

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Cpeb1 remodels cell type-specific translational program to promote fear extinction.

Sci Adv

January 2025

Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.

Protein translation is crucial for fear extinction, a process vital for adaptive behavior and mental health, yet the underlying cell-specific mechanisms remain elusive. Using a Tet-On 3G genetic approach, we achieved precise temporal control over protein translation in the infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex () during fear extinction. In addition, our results reveal that the disruption of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (Cpeb1) leads to notable alterations in cell type-specific translational programs, thereby affecting fear extinction.

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In single cells, variably sized nanoscale chromatin structures are observed, but it is unknown whether these form a cohesive framework that regulates RNA transcription. Here, we demonstrate that the human genome is an emergent, self-assembling, reinforcement learning system. Conformationally defined heterogeneous, nanoscopic packing domains form by the interplay of transcription, nucleosome remodeling, and loop extrusion.

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