Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to increase awareness of electrode burns that occur in the operating room (OR), to discuss their causes, warning signs, and methods that may reduce their occurrence. Two general sources of electrical burns are described: 1) Excessive radio-frequency current density usually originating from a monopolar electrosurgical unit (ESU) and 2) Direct current (DC) originating from a battery or equipment malfunction.
Methods: Case examples associated with intraoperative neuromonitoring are provided and discussed in the context of the relevant literature. Seven cases are described, five associated with excessive radio-frequency current density and two associated with direct current originating from a battery or equipment malfunction.
Conclusions: Recommendations on prevention and warning signs associated with these burns are presented in addition to procedures to follow if a burn is suspected.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jocm.0000025254.73456.db | DOI Listing |
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
December 2024
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea.
This study introduces a flexible and scalable charge-trapping intermediate layer of conjugated polymeric film comprising [PANI/PEDOT:PSS] between the [PVA/PDDA] triboelectric layer and graphene-based [PVA/GNP-PSS] electrode using the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly method. By varying the deposition layers, the optimal coating layout was identified as 2 and 8 bilayers of intermediate and triboelectric layers, respectively. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) fabricated with this optimal configuration achieved peak output voltage and current of 180 V and 9 μA, respectively, at 3 Hz and 5 N against PDMS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFForensic Sci Int
November 2024
Florida International University, Modesto Maidique Campus, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA. Electronic address:
Due to their portability, sensitivity, and ease of use, electrochemical sensors have recently become a popular method for rapid, on-site analysis. This study presents a proof of principle for the application of modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for the detection of signature metals (Pb, Sb, and Zn) commonly found in gunshot residue (GSR), as well as for the detection of nitrate/nitrite in organic GSR and low explosives. To achieve these two aims, we have examined various electrode surface modifications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPacing Clin Electrophysiol
November 2024
Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Micromachines (Basel)
August 2024
Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
Biosens Bioelectron
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India. Electronic address:
Vitamin B12 is an essential micronutrient required for the proper functioning of the human body. Vitamin B12 deficiency is primarily causative of various neurolological disorders alongwith recurrence of oral ulcers and burning sensations which are early signs of condition such as pernicious anemia. Other complications associated with Vitamin B12 deficiency include risk of heart failure due to anemia, risk of developing autoimmune disorders and gastric cancer.
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