A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 176

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

Immobilization induces acute nitric oxide production in the rat hypothalamus: a role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the paraventricular nucleus. | LitMetric

Production of nitric oxide (NO) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) was examined by microdialysis in rats subjected to immobilization (IMO) stress. A dialysis probe was implanted in the posterior magnocellular subdivision of the PVN and nitrite (NO(2)(-)), an oxidized product of NO, was measured continuously. NO(2)(-) concentration in dialysate was enhanced to 156% after 30 min of IMO compared with the NO(2)(-) level before IMO. Intraperitoneal administration of N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (10 mg/kg), a NO synthase inhibitor, before IMO completely inhibited the increase of NO production that IMO was to induce. Depletion of catecholamines innervating the PVN by an injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the lateral ventricle before the microdialysis had no suppressive effect on the increase of NO production by IMO. In contrast, NO(2)(-) levels in the PVN were lowered by continuous perfusion of the solution containing the ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (500 microm) and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2, 3 dione (50 microm) through the dialysis probe, and the IMO-induced increase of NO production was attenuated by the treatment. These results suggest that catecholaminergic drive to the hypothalamus is not necessary for the IMO-induced increase of NO production and that ionotropic glutamate receptors play a role in the basal and IMO-induced NO production.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2004-0068DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

increase production
16
ionotropic glutamate
12
nitric oxide
8
glutamate receptors
8
paraventricular nucleus
8
dialysis probe
8
production imo
8
imo-induced increase
8
production
7
imo
6

Similar Publications

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!