The development of Ca2+ indicators: a breakthrough in pharmacological research.

Trends Pharmacol Sci

DIBIT, Department of Neuroscience and Center of Excellence in Physiopathology of Cell Differentiation, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, Milano, Italy.

Published: April 2004

The development, beginning in 1979, of fluorescent Ca2+-specific indicators as research tools has revolutionized transmembrane signaling studies. In this article, the state of the art in the 'pre-Ca2+-indicator' era and the rationale for the development of indicators trapped in the cytosol to investigate the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+ in mammalian cells are summarized. Subsequent extension of these studies to the level of the single cell, together with the unique impact that Ca2+ indicators have had on signaling research and the introduction of specific, fluorescent gene constructs that provide direct, high-resolution information about the intracellular concentration of Ca2+, are also discussed.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2004.02.004DOI Listing

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