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Identification of Butyrylcholinesterase-Derived Small Molecule Peptides Indicative of Novichok Nerve Agent Exposures.
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Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States.
Novichok nerve agents, such as A-230, A-232, and A-234, were classified as Schedule 1 chemicals under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) following poisoning incidents in 2018. As a result, the production, storage, and use of these chemicals are strictly prohibited by CWC signatory nations. The identification of biomarkers indicating Novichok exposure in humans is crucial for prompt detection and response to potential incidents involving these banned chemical weapons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluating compliance with UN Security Council Resolution 1540 on nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
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January 2025
Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Threats and Emergencies (CREATE), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
On April 28, 2004, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1540. It requires countries to develop and enforce legal and regulatory measures against the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and their means of delivery, with a focus on the spread to nonstate actors. To date, compliance with UNSCR 1540 has been challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong-range trajectory reconstructions using the point mass model.
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Netherlands Forensic Institute, Den Haag, Netherlands.
In shooting incident reconstructions, forensic examiners usually deal with scenes involving short-range trajectories, typically ≤30 m. In situations such as this, a linear trajectory reconstruction model is appropriate. However, a forensic expert can also be asked to estimate a shooter's position by reconstructing a long-range trajectory where the bullet's path becomes arced as a result of gravity and the greater time in flight.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlutonium Marker for the Great Acceleration by Intensified Human Activities.
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Xi'an AMS Center, State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China.
There has been a sharp rise in the extent and scale of human activities since the mid-20th century, termed the "Great Acceleration", and nuclear activities are one of the defining technological processes for this period. Pu released by atmospheric nuclear weapons tests provides an ideal chronostratigraphic marker for labeling this change due to its global fallout feature, temporal mutation, and long half-lives. However, the accumulation dynamics of plutonium from atmospheric deposition to preservation in the sediment is still controversial.
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Genomics research is regularly appropriated in social and political contexts to publicly legitimize unjust and malicious political views, policies, and actions. In recent years, there have been high-profile cases of mass shooters, public intellectuals, and political insiders using genomics findings to convince audiences that deadly force and coercive policies against racial minorities are warranted. To create a just genomics, geneticists must consider what makes their research so attractive and adaptable for the legitimization of unjust ends and what they can do to counter such appropriations.
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