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POST-MEASLES ACUTE VELOPHARYNGEAL INCOMPETENCE: A RARE CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE.
West Afr J Med
November 2024
Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital/University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Summary/introduction: Velopharyngeal incompetence(VPI) is the failure of closure of the velopharyngeal sphincter, which consists of the muscles of the soft palate and the superior pharyngeal constrictor, and functions to separate the nasopharynx and oropharynx during phonation and swallowing. VPI is most frequently congenital/syndromic (with structural deficit) but can be acquired. A subset of acquired VPI, occurring in structurally intact velopharynx, has been described in children, and these are isolated and acute-onset, with a substantial proportion thought to have an infectious origin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCEPHALIC TETANUS: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE.
West Afr J Med
November 2024
Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital/University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Summary/introduction: Cephalic tetanus (CT) constitutes only 1-3% of total reported tetanus cases. It is marked by flaccid paralysis of one or more cranial nerves (CN) with or without spasticity, typically following craniofacial injuries. The facial nerve is the most frequently paralyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHypocalcemia as an Independent Cause of Esophageal Dysphagia: A Case Report.
Cureus
September 2024
Department of Medicine, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, GBR.
Article Synopsis
- - Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can be linked to low calcium levels (hypocalcemia), which impair the function of muscles involved in swallowing; certain diuretics may worsen this condition by causing additional loss of calcium and magnesium.
- - An 82-year-old male experienced sudden dysphagia and was found to have severe hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, likely exacerbated by his use of furosemide, a diuretic.
- - After treatment with intravenous calcium and magnesium over two days, the patient’s electrolyte levels normalized and he significantly improved, regaining the ability to swallow normally, confirming that his symptoms were primarily due to low calcium levels.
Dysphagia and chest pain in a 7-year-old girl.
Lab Med
January 2025
University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, US.
Dysphagia is a common gastrointestinal complaint in the pediatric population and should raise concern for oropharyngeal as well as esophageal disorders. We describe a 7-year old patient who was admitted to the hospital for sudden onset dysphagia, abdominal pain, and decreased oral intake. Extensive evaluations including endoscopy eventually revealed herpes simplex esophagitis as well as eosinophilic esophagitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSudden-Onset Back Pain and Intermittent Dyspnea While Eating: A Case of Pediatric Achalasia.
Cureus
March 2024
Pediatric Surgery, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, USA.
A 14-year-old girl with a history of asthma was hospitalized because of sudden-onset back pain around her thoracic region that spread to her chest and abdomen. She had been experiencing dysphagia and breathing difficulties for two years, especially after overeating, which often resulted in vomiting undigested food. CT imaging revealed a severely dilated esophagus narrowing at the gastroesophageal junction, suggestive of type 1 achalasia.
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