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Protective efficacy of a multicomponent vector vaccine in cynomolgus monkeys after intrarectal simian immunodeficiency virus challenge. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Researchers tested a triple vector vaccine against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in cynomolgus monkeys, using multiple viral vectors to deliver SIV proteins.
  • This vaccine strategy produced strong T-cell responses rather than antibody responses, with a significant increase noted after the final immunization boost.
  • After exposure to harmful SIV, three out of four vaccinated monkeys showed a remarkable reduction in virus levels, linked to a robust T-cell immune response that helped clear the virus effectively.

Article Abstract

We investigated the protective efficacy of a systemic triple vector (DNA/rSFV/rMVA)-based vaccine against mucosal challenge with pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in cynomolgus monkeys. Animals were immunized at week 0 with DNA (intradermally), at weeks 8 and 16 with recombinant Semliki Forest virus (rSFV, subcutaneously) and finally, at week 24, with recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara strain (rMVA, intramuscularly). Both DNA and recombinant viral vectors expressed a wide range of SIV proteins (Gag, Pol, Tat, Rev, Env and Nef). This immunization strategy elicited cell-mediated rather than humoral responses that were especially increased following the last boost. Upon intrarectal challenge with pathogenic SIVmac251, three of the four vaccinated monkeys dramatically abrogated virus load to undetectable levels up to 41 weeks after challenge. A major contribution to this vaccine effect appeared to be the T-cell-mediated immune response to vaccine antigens (Gag, Rev, Tat, Nef) seen in the early phase of infection in three of the four vaccinated monkeys. Indeed, the frequency of T-cells producing antigen-induced IFN-gamma mirrored virus clearance in the vaccinated and protected monkeys. These results, reminiscent of the efficacy of live attenuated virus vaccines, suggest that vaccination with a combination of many viral antigens can induce a robust and stable vaccine-induced immunity able to abrogate virus replication.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.79794-0DOI Listing

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