During laparoscopic surgery, the operator relies on the skills of an assistant, particularly during laparoscope manipulation. If possible, the surgeon would prefer to hold the scope while at the same time operating with both hands similar to open surgery conditions. A palm electronic interface (Lapman) was developed to allow remote control of a laparoscope manipulator and to make laparoscope displacement and instrument manipulation synchronous for the surgeon. It was tested in gynecologic surgery, where it restored vision and instrument manipulation and allowed laparoscopic surgery to be performed with fewer personnel.
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