[reaction: see text] An efficient and convenient two-step synthesis of new fluorinated uracils is described. The first step involves the condensation of an ester enolate with a fluorinated nitrile to furnish fluorinated beta-enamino esters. In turn, these compounds react with organic isocyanates or isothiocyanates to give C-6 fluorinated uracils or thiouracils, respectively, in excellent yields. This synthesis has been successfully adapted to solid-phase conditions with high diversity, thereby facilitating the creation of small (thio)uracil libraries.
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Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
The cytotoxic mechanisms of thymidylate synthase inhibitors, such as the multitarget antifolate pemetrexed, are not yet fully understood. Emerging evidence indicates that combining pemetrexed with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) may enhance therapeutic efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To explore this further, A549 NSCLC cells were treated with various combinations of pemetrexed and the HDACi MS275 (Entinostat), and subsequently assessed for cell viability, cell cycle changes, and genotoxic markers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
One of the most used chemotherapy agents in clinical practice is 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a fluorinated pyrimidine in the category of antimetabolite agents. 5-FU is used to treat a variety of cancers, including colon, breast, pancreatic, and stomach cancers, and its efficacy lies in its direct impact on the patient's DNA and RNA. Specifically, its mechanism blocks the enzymes thymidylate synthetase and uracil phosphatase, inhibiting the synthesis of uracil, which cannot be incorporated into nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Chem Chem Phys
October 2024
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North-Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, India.
Tumor hypoxia hampers radiotherapy efficacy, necessitating radiosensitizers. Substituted nucleobases offer advantages as radiosensitizers. They can be incorporated into DNA with minimal gene-expression alteration, selectively targeting tumor cells and having lower toxicity to normal tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
August 2024
RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Fast and direct permeation of drug molecules is crucial for effective biotherapeutics. Inspired by a recent finding that fluorous compounds disrupt the hydrogen-bonded network of water, we developed fluoro-crown ether phosphate FP-X. This compound acts as a fast cell-permeating agent, enabling direct delivery of various bioactive cargos (X) into cancer cells without endocytic entrapment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
September 2024
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India. Electronic address:
Understanding of energetics of interactions between drug and protein is essential in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics study. The binding affinity (K) helps in investigating how tightly or loosely drug is bound to protein. The binding, displacement, conformational change and stability study of drugs- gentamicin (GM), 5-fluorouracil (5FU), oxytetracycline (OTC) and rolitetracycline (RTC) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been carried out in presence of each other drug by fluorescence, UV-visible spectroscopy, molecular docking, circular dichroism techniques and thermal denaturation method.
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