Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography is new technology based on automatic volume acquisition of ultrasound images, and computer-aided image reconstruction. In the present study, we used a commercially available 3D ultrasonographic instrument for electrophysiological and neuroanatomical experiments in the macaque monkey. 3D reconstruction for multiplanar analysis and surface rendering were useful to observe the microelectrode or microinjection pipette in the cerebral cortex or deep brain structure. The present results indicate that the 3D ultrasonography for monkey brain is a more powerful tool for experiments in vivo than conventional two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography.
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