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Optimizing Drug Selection in Children with Multiple Sclerosis: What Do We Know and What Remains Unanswered?
Paediatr Drugs
December 2024
Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) refers to multiple sclerosis with onset before 18 years of age. It is characterized by a more inflammatory course, more frequent clinical relapses, and a greater number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions compared with adult-onset MS (AOMS), leading to significant impacts on both disability progression and cognitive outcomes in affected individuals. Managing POMS presents distinct challenges due to the unique needs of pediatric patients and the limited number of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) approved for pediatric use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdolescent and adult mice use both incremental reinforcement learning and short term memory when learning concurrent stimulus-action associations.
PLoS Comput Biol
December 2024
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
Computational modeling has revealed that human research participants use both rapid working memory (WM) and incremental reinforcement learning (RL) (RL+WM) to solve a simple instrumental learning task, relying on WM when the number of stimuli is small and supplementing with RL when the number of stimuli exceeds WM capacity. Inspired by this work, we examined which learning systems and strategies are used by adolescent and adult mice when they first acquire a conditional associative learning task. In a version of the human RL+WM task translated for rodents, mice were required to associate odor stimuli (from a set of 2 or 4 odors) with a left or right port to receive reward.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSurvival of the fittest? Peak oxygen uptake and all-cause mortality among older adults in Norway.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis
December 2024
Cardiac Exercise Research Group (CERG), Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address:
Objective: To determine the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels needed to avoid the Grim Reaper (Death) among older adults. We hypothesized that an above average peak oxygen uptake (VO) is needed for 70-77-year-old men and women to delay the encounter with Death.
Design: Prospective cohort study.
Development and validation of a predictive model (CHASE-OSA) for preoperative assessment of moderate-to-severe pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.
Sleep Breath
December 2024
Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Purpose: Undetected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children increases the likelihood of perioperative respiratory complications. Current screening tools for OSA often lack sensitivity or are overly complex. This study aimed to develop and validate a simplified preoperative predictive model for moderate-to-severe pediatric OSA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTranslation and psychometric properties of an Italian version of the Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2 (BAOS-2).
Body Image
December 2024
School of Psychology, Sport, and Sensory Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Wisma Chase Perdana, Changkat Semantan, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur 50490, Malaysia.
The 13-item Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2 (BAOS-2) measures generalised perceptions of body acceptance by others. Here, we examined the psychometric properties of a novel Italian translation of the BAOS-2. Studies 1 (N = 401) and 2 (N = 393) supported a unidimensional model of the Italian BAOS-2 with all 13 items retained through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, respectively.
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