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Variation in HIV-1 Tat activity is a key determinant in the establishment of latent infection.
JCI Insight
December 2024
Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America.
Despite effective treatment, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persists in optimally treated people as a transcriptionally silent provirus. Latently infected cells evade the immune system and the harmful effects of the virus, thereby creating a long-lasting reservoir of HIV. To gain a deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms of HIV latency establishment, we constructed a series of HIV-1 fluorescent reporter viruses that distinguish active versus latent infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHOPE springs eternal: lack of HIV superinfection in HIV Organ Policy Equity Act kidney transplants.
J Clin Invest
October 2024
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Article Synopsis
- * There is a theoretical risk of HIV superinfection in which a transplant recipient could acquire a new strain of HIV from their donor, potentially leading to viral complications.
- * A study involving 12 HIV D+/R+ kidney transplants found that while donor HIV was temporarily present in some recipients shortly after transplant, none showed signs of sustained HIV superinfection after five years, indicating that this practice is safe.
Longitudinal analysis of viral dynamics in HIV+-to-HIV+ HOPE Act kidney-transplant recipients.
J Clin Invest
September 2024
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and.
BACKGROUNDThe HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act allows individuals living with HIV to accept organs from donors with HIV. This practice widens the pool of available organs, but also presents important virological issues, including the potential for HIV superinfection of the recipient, viral persistence in the kidney, and loss of virological control.METHODSWe addressed these issues by performing in-depth longitudinal viral sequence analyses on urine, blood, and urine-derived renal epithelial cells from 12 recipients of HIV+ kidney allografts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDual Infection of Different Clusters of HIV in People Living with HIV Worldwide: A Meta-Analysis Based on Next-Generation Sequencing Studies.
AIDS Patient Care STDS
August 2024
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
To understand the global dual HIV infection (DI) profiles comprehensively, the databases Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were the data sources up to March 31, 2024 (PROSPERO: CRD42023388328). Stata and R-language software were used to analyze the extracted data. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCo-Infections and Superinfections between HIV-1 and Other Human Viruses at the Cellular Level.
Pathogens
April 2024
Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Co-infection or superinfection of the host by two or more virus species is a common event, potentially leading to viral interference, viral synergy, or neutral interaction. The simultaneous presence of two or more viruses, even distantly related, within the same cell depends upon viral tropism, i.e.
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