An interlaboratory study was conducted for the determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in shellfish. The method used liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after prechromatographic oxidation of the toxins with hydrogen peroxide and periodate. The PSP toxins studied were saxitoxin (STX), neosaxitoxin (NEO), gonyautoxins 2 and 3 (GTX2,3 together), gonyautoxins 1 and 4 (GTX1,4 together), decarbamoyl saxitoxin (dcSTX), B-1 (GTX5), C-1 and C-2 (C1,2 together), and C-3 and C-4 (C3,4 together). B-2 (GTX6) toxin was also included, but for qualitative identification only. Samples of mussels, both blank and naturally contaminated, were mixed and homogenized to provide a variety of PSP toxin mixtures and concentration levels. The same procedure was followed with samples of clams, oysters, and scallops. Twenty-one samples in total were sent to 21 collaborators who agreed to participate in the study. Results were obtained from 18 laboratories representing 14 different countries.
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Am J Case Rep
January 2025
Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital of Fribourg (HFR), Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland.
BACKGROUND Crohn disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease known for causing fistulous tracts, abscesses, and bowel perforation. Enterohepatic fistulas, a rare but significant complication, are scarcely reported. This article presents the case of a hepatic abscess due to an enterohepatic fistula in a patient with long-term Crohn disease and reviews the existing literature on this phenomenon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Family Med Prim Care
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong, Meghalaya, India.
Purpose: To determine the clinical pattern and burden of strabismus in a teaching institute of Northeast (NE) India.
Methods: In this hospital-based, cross-sectional study, detailed clinical evaluation of patients with manifest strabismus was carried out for a period of one and half years.
Results: Out of the 7222 new outpatient department attendances, a total of 110 new patients with manifest strabismus were found, with a hospital-based burden of 1.
Anal Chem
January 2025
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
The rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), such as saxitoxin (STX), is critical for protecting human health due to the frequent occurrence of toxic red tides. In this work, to address the low affinity of traditional mouse monoclonal antibodies (m-mAbs), rabbit monoclonal antibodies (r-mAbs) against STX were produced by a single B-cell sorting culture and a cross-selection strategy. The r-mAbs showed 100-fold improvement in sensitivity (IC = 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrehosp Emerg Care
January 2025
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Objectives: Prehospital endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a lifesaving procedure with known complications. To reduce ETI-associated morbidity and mortality, organizations prioritize first-pass success (FPS). However, there are few data evaluating the association of FPS with clinician licensure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Surg
December 2024
Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China.
Background: Paralytic ileus and intestinal obstruction (PIAIO) pose significant public health concerns, given the notable scarcity of current research on their disease burden and trends. This study evaluated the global burden of PIAIO from 1990 to 2021 and forecastsed their future burden over the next decade.
Methods: Using the latest data from Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021, we obtained the prevalence, incidence, mortality and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) data for these conditions, along with their corresponding age-standardized rate (ASR) indicators.
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