Recurrence of pertussis in highly vaccinated populations has been observed in many countries. Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain it: a shift in incidence towards older age groups in which the protective effect of vaccination is diminished; and vaccine-induced changes in genomic and immunological characteristics of circulating strains of Bordetella pertussis, which become different from vaccine strains, thereby reducing vaccine efficacy. Marked increase in the incidence of pertussis has been observed in Poland since 1997, following a decade of stability at a low level. As previously shown, the immunization calendar in Poland does not ensure sufficient protection among children older than 9 y. The decrease in the protective effect becomes noticeable after the age of 5. In this paper we examine changes in the effectiveness of pertussis vaccination in 4 age groups during 1996-2001, using surveillance data. We find that over that period a decrease occurred in the reported effectiveness (in children aged 2 to 5 y, from 97.3% in 1996 to 73.5% in 2001 and in 6 to 9 y-olds, from 84.3%, to 68.8%). We also discuss an alternative hypothesis that the above findings are due to selection or measurement bias resulting from incomplete reporting or imperfect diagnostic procedures.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365540310018897 | DOI Listing |
Cardiovasc Diagn Ther
December 2024
Department of Congenital Heart Disease and Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Background: Patients with congenital heart defects (CHDs) are at higher risk for infectious diseases. This may partly be due to frequent hospital stays and the associated exposure to pathogens. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of immunisation coverage among twins in which at least one twin has CHD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Infect
January 2025
Bandim Health Project, Research Unit OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Objectives: To investigate if receipt of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine following the third dose of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP3) is associated with reduced rates of non-targeted infectious disease hospitalisations.
Methods: Register based cohort study following 1,397,027 children born in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden until 2 years of age. Rates of infectious disease hospitalisations with minimum one overnight stay according to time-varying vaccination status were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis with age as the underlying timescale and including multiple covariates.
Background: The full pentavalent (DPT-HepB-Hib) vaccination is the main strategy to prevent five communicable diseases in early childhood, especially in countries with huge communicable disease burdens like Ethiopia. Exploring spatial distributions and determinants of full pentavalent vaccination status in minor ecological areas in Ethiopia is crucial for creating targeted immunization campaigns and monitoring the advancement of accomplishing sustainable development goals. This study aimed to investigate the spatial disparities and determinants of full pentavalent vaccination among 12-23-month-old children in Ethiopia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaccines (Basel)
December 2024
Unit of Hygiene and Medical Statistics, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Background: General practitioners (GPs) and primary care units collaborate with Prevention Departments (PDs) to improve immunization by participating in vaccination campaigns, sharing tools, and implementing educational programs to raise patient awareness. This review aimed to identify effective strategies for involving GPs in PD vaccination practices.
Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted on MEDLINE, TripDatabase, ClinicalTrials, CINAHL, and Cochrane up to January 2024 to identify full-text studies in English evaluating the effectiveness of GP involvement.
Vaccines (Basel)
December 2024
The Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Rishon LeZion, 4 Icet, Zrifin 7033001, Israel.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Israel prioritized pregnant women for vaccination, recognizing them as a high-risk group. This study aims to explore factors influencing the acceptance of Influenza, Pertussis (T-dap), and COVID-19 vaccines among pregnant women, focusing on attitudes, social norms, perceived control, and risk perceptions. Additionally, the study compares acceptance patterns between traditional vaccines and the newer COVID-19 vaccine.
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