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The ketamine chameleon: history, pharmacology, and the contested value of experience.
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
Introduction: Since its synthesis in 1962, ketamine has been widely used in diverse medical contexts, from anesthesia to treatment-resistant depression. However, interpretations of ketamine's subjective effects remain polarized. Biomedical frameworks typically construe the drug's experiential effects as dissociative or psychotomimetic, while psychedelic paradigms emphasize the potential therapeutic merits of these non-ordinary states.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAltered theta band and theta/beta ratio in mismatch negativity associate with treatment effect in schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations.
Schizophr Res Cogn
June 2025
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
Evidence suggests that attenuated mismatch negative (MMN) waves have a close link to auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) and their clinical outcomes, especially impaired neural oscillations such as θ, β representing attentional control. In current study, thirty patients with schizophrenia and AVH (SZ) and twenty-nine healthy controls (HC) underwent multi-feature MMN paradigm measurements including frequency and duration deviant stimuli (fMMN and dMMN). Clinical symptoms and MMN paradigm were followed up among SZ group after 8-week treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo Babies, Two Bonds: Challenges in Attachment Relationships in Twins.
Cureus
December 2024
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Local Health Unit of Santo António, Porto, PRT.
The attachment relationship constitutes the first emotionally significant affective bond, usually between the infant and the mother, serving as a model for subsequent relationships. It is considered a vital component of social and emotional development in the early years and an important early indicator of infant mental health. In twins, the attachment process may exhibit unique characteristics, influenced by the dual parenting dynamic and the individual needs of each baby.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrioritizing Brain Health in Youth: Bringing Neuroscience to Society and Informing Policy, Lessons Learnt from the European Brain Council Expert Meeting Held at the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies Forum 2024.
Eur J Neurosci
January 2025
European Brain Council, Brussels, Belgium.
Good brain health plays a significant role in an individual's well-being and profoundly impacts the collective economy and society. Brain development does not stop at birth, and some aspects continue throughout childhood and adolescence, allowing the full development of cognitive functions. Different determinants related to physical health, healthy environments, safety and security, life-long learning and social connection as well as access to quality services influence the way our brains develop, adapt and respond to stress and adversity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFShattering the Amyloid Illusion: The Microbial Enigma of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis-From Gut Microbiota and Viruses to Brain Biofilms.
Microorganisms
January 2025
Translational Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos Avenue, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
For decades, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) research has focused on the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which identifies amyloid-beta (Aβ) as the primary driver of the disease. However, the consistent failure of Aβ-targeted therapies to demonstrate efficacy, coupled with significant safety concerns, underscores the need to rethink our approach to AD treatment. Emerging evidence points to microbial infections as environmental factors in AD pathoetiology.
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