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Pathogenic mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated retinal and choroidal adverse reactions.
Am J Ophthalmol
January 2025
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Electronic address:
Purpose: To summarize and categorize postulated mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-mediated retinal and choroidal inflammation and discuss resulting implications for evaluation and management of these adverse reactions.
Design: Targeted literature review with interpretation and perspective Methods: We performed a review of selected literature describing immune-mediated retinal and choroidal adverse reactions associated with ICI therapy, synthesizing and categorizing the likely underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Based on these mechanistic categories, we provide perspective on a rational approach to the evaluation of patients with ICI-associated inflammatory disorders of the retina and choroid.
Sudden death in a case of triple-vessel, non-atherosclerotic, diffuse ectasia and aneurysmal dilatations of the coronary arteries: An autopsy report.
Cardiovasc Pathol
January 2025
Department of Forensic Pathology, University Malaya Medical Centre, Lembah Pantai, 59100, WP Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Aneurysmal Coronary Artery Disease (ACAD) can occur as localized dilations of a segment of one or more coronary arteries or diffuse ectasia-type dilatations of one or more coronaries. Atherosclerosis remains the most common cause of these aneurysms, with Kawasaki Disease being implicated in the Asian population. We present a case of a 62-year-old Asian woman who dies suddenly with no prior symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCerebrovascular stenosis related to tyrosine kinase inhibitor for chronic myeloid leukemia: two illustrative cases.
BMC Neurol
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) improve prognosis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Nilotinib and ponatinib, second- and third-generation TKIs, respectively, have been reported to cause adverse vascular occlusive events such as myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial disease. However, little is known about the risk of cerebral infarction associated with severe cerebrovascular stenosis, which is a late complication of TKIs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBasic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Pacific Brain Health Center, Pacific Neuroscience Institute Foundation, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
Background: Brain accumulation of amyloid-ß (Aß) in plaques and neurons is the cause of AD neuropathology that is opposed by autologous monocyte/macrophages (MMs) in health but this defense fails in AD.
Method: RNAseq, immunochemistry of the brain, immunofluorescence, and confocal microscopy of macrophages.
Result: In the AD brain, MMs shuttle Aß from parenchyma to vessels, which develop vasculitis, causing amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIAs).
Cytokine profile of bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with and without checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis.
Cancer Immunol Immunother
January 2025
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 241 W 11th Ave, Suite 5000, Columbus, OH, 43201, USA.
Background: Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) that develops following immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment can be difficult to distinguish from other common etiologies of lung inflammation in cancer patients. Here, we evaluate the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) for potential biomarkers specific to CIP.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent standard of care bronchoscopy to compare the cytokines of interest between patients with and without CIP and with and without immune-mediated pulmonary diseases.
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