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Role of immune cell homeostasis in research and treatment response in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Clin Exp Med

January 2025

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.

Introduction Recently, immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) have become crucial in regulating cancer progression and treatment responses. The dynamic interactions between tumors and immune cells are emerging as a promising strategy to activate the host's immune system against various cancers. The development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involve complex biological processes, with the role of the TME and tumor phenotypes still not fully understood.

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HIF-1 and HIF-2 in cancer: structure, regulation, and therapeutic prospects.

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January 2025

Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Hypoxia, or a state of low tissue oxygenation, has been characterized as an important feature of solid tumors that is related to aggressive phenotypes. The cellular response to hypoxia is controlled by Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), a family of transcription factors. HIFs promote the transcription of gene products that play a role in tumor progression including proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance.

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Robust discrimination between closely related species of salmon based on DNA fragments.

Anal Bioanal Chem

January 2025

Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8980, USA.

Closely related species of Salmonidae, including Pacific and Atlantic salmon, can be distinguished from one another based on nucleotide sequences from the cytochrome c oxidase sub-unit 1 mitochondrial gene (COI), using ensembles of fragments aligned to genetic barcodes that serve as digital proxies for the relevant species. This is accomplished by exploiting both the nucleotide sequences and their quality scores recorded in a FASTQ file obtained via Next Generation (NextGen) Sequencing of mitochondrial DNA extracted from Coho salmon caught with hook and line in the Gulf of Alaska. The alignment is done using MUSCLE (Muscle 5.

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Down syndrome (DS) is strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to APP overexpression, exhibiting Amyloid-β (Aβ) and Tau pathology similar to early-onset (EOAD) and late-onset AD (LOAD). We evaluated the Aβ plaque proteome of DS, EOAD, and LOAD using unbiased localized proteomics on post-mortem paraffin-embedded tissues from four cohorts (n = 20/group): DS (59.8 ± 4.

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Multifunctional Mycobacterial Topoisomerases with Distinctive Features.

ACS Infect Dis

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Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India.

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major cause of death worldwide despite having an effective combinatorial therapeutic regimen and vaccine. Being one of the most successful human pathogens, retains the ability to adapt to diverse intracellular and extracellular environments encountered by it during infection, persistence, and transmission. Designing and developing new therapeutic strategies to counter the emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB remains a major task.

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