This study investigates the efficacy of five extenders in contributing to the outcome of semen cryopreservation in Formosan Sika and Sambar deer. Pooled semen (n=4) of six males of each breed was used. In Sika deer, semen collection rate was 96% (23/24) over all electro-ejaculations. Volume, sperm motility and sperm concentration of fresh ejaculates was 0.5+/-0.4 ml, 77+/-6% and 1471.3+/-940.0 x 10(6) ml(-1), respectively. Post-thaw motility in respective extender was A: 66+/-16%; B: 71+/-2%; C: 73+/-6%; D: 9+/-4% and E: 26+/-12% (mean+/-S.D.). In extender C (74+/-14%) more viable spermatozoa were preserved than in the others (A: 64+/-10%; B: 48+/-11%; D: 41+/-16%; E: 47+/-6%; P<0.05). Acrosomal integrity was not influenced by extender composition. Post-thaw motility did not decrease during a 4-h incubation period, irrespective of the extender used (P>0.05). In Sambar deer, semen collection rate was 88% (21/24) over all electro-ejaculations. Volume, sperm motility and sperm concentration of fresh ejaculates was 1.3+/-0.5 ml, 82+/-4% and 379.1+/-252.2 x 10(6) ml(-1), respectively. Post-thaw motility was in respective extenders A: 69+/-2%; B: 74+/-6%; C: 73+/-2%; D: 13+/-6% and E: 31+/-20%. Extenders B and C were superior (P>0.05) with respect to sperm motility. Similarly, post-thaw viability in extenders A (70+/-7%), B (76+/-7%) and C (79+/-2%) was higher than that D (25+/-19%) and E (29+/-17%) (P<0.01). Sperm acrosomal integrity was better preserved in extenders B (86+/-4%) and C (83+/-4%) than in extenders A (54+/-13%), D (39+/-22%) and E (46+/-22%) (P<0.05). Post-thaw sperm longevity in extender A reduced from 69 to 16% during incubation (P<0.05) whereas only a slight decrease was observed in the other extenders after 4 h. In conclusion these data show that egg-yolk-Tris-Tes-glycerol based extender C containing Equex STM paste is optimal for freezing semen of Formosan Sika deer while egg-yolk-Tris-citric acid-glycerol based extender B containing Equex and extender C are superior in semen cryopreservation to others for Formosan Sambar deer.
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