Background: In Tanzania information is lacking on the prevalence of HIV infection in surgical patients in tertiary care facilities, in whom there are many points of special interest.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of HIV infection and associated clinical and demographic features among hospitalised surgical patients at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH).
Setting: Muhimbili National Hospital.
Materials And Methods: Consecutive newly admitted patients were tested for HIV antibodies after pre-test counselling. Sera were tested using a dual ELISA algorithm. The data were analysed to determine the prevalence of HIV infection and relationships of serostatus with clinical and socio-demographic characteristics.
Results: Of 1,534 patients admitted during the study, 1,031(67.2%) consented to HIV testing following pre-test counselling. The prevalence of AIDS-related clinical features in patients who declined to be HIV tested was similar to that of seronegative patients, but significantly lower than that of seropositive patients. The overall age-adjusted HIV prevalence was 10.5% (95% CI = 9.9-14.0). The highest age-specific HIV prevalence was in the age group 35-44 years at 27.9%. No one was infected in the age group 0-4 years (n = 111). Differences in prevalence between age groups were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Patients with granulomatous and suppurative infections had HIV prevalence of 28.3%. Twenty of 124 seropositive patients (16.1%) died in hospital compared to 58 of 907(6.4%) of seronegative patients (p = 0.0001).
Conclusion: At Muhumbili National Hospital overall HIV prevalence in hospitalised surgical patients were 10.5%, compared to an overall national prevalence of 6.7%. Patients in the age groups 25 to 34 and 35 to 44 years had HIV seroprevalence of 26.8% and 27.9% respectively. Patients with infective conditions had the highest HIV prevalence. HIV seropositive patients were associated with higher hospital mortality than seronegative patients.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eamj.v80i12.8781 | DOI Listing |
AIDS Care
January 2025
Center for Gerontology & Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
Although HIV is more prevalent among transgender and gender-diverse individuals than cisgender people, a dearth of research has compared the HIV-related care engagement of these populations. Using 2008-2017 Medicare data, we identified TGD (trans feminine and non-binary [TFN], trans masculine and non-binary [TMN], unclassified gender) and cisgender (male, female) beneficiaries with HIV and explored within and between gender group differences in the predicted probability of engagement in the HIV Care Continuum. Transgender and gender-diverse individuals had a higher predicted probability of every HIV-related care outcome vs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Oncol
August 2023
Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Objective: Evaluate the association between cancer incidence and immunosuppressive treatment in patients with ocular inflammatory disease (OID).
Methods And Analysis: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients from 10 US OID subspecialty practices. Patients with non-infectious OID were included; HIV-infected patients were excluded.
World Cult Psychiatry Res Rev
January 2023
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Psychiatry, New York, USA.
We evaluated the 5-item Psychosis Screening Questionnaire (PSQ) against a diagnostic gold standard in South Africa. 1885 adults at primary and tertiary health facilities were screened with the PSQ and diagnosed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-V. Minor adaptations were required of both instruments to distinguish between psychiatric symptoms and normative cultural beliefs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS
December 2024
Department of DVL, Government Erode Medical College, Perundurai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are increasing throughout the world including India at present. In 1960s and 70s, the bacterial STIs were predominant than the viral STIs. The discovery of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its rampant spread changed the situation with the increase of viral STIs in 1980s and 90s.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS
December 2024
Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Background And Objectives: Anorectal and pharyngeal infections with (NG) are common in men who have sex with men (MSM). However, they are often asymptomatic and found in the absence of reported risk behavior and concurrent genital infection. These serve as a hidden reservoir for ongoing transmission and may cause complications.
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