Earlier papers in this series have described many of the tools of molecular biology that are finding practical bedside applications. We have reviewed how molecular diagnostics, genetic testing, and DNA and protein microarrays all have become part of clinical medicine. We have also described the potential of the human genome project to impact the practice of medicine. Finally, we have discussed several ethical issues, including genetic screening, forensic DNA testing, and gene therapy. In this paper, and the next, we will discuss two topical areas in which molecular biology may influence how medicine is practiced in the future; stem cell research and cloning technology.
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Molecular and cellular characteristics of cerebrovascular cell types and their contribution to neurodegenerative diseases.
Mol Neurodegener
January 2025
The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Many diseases and disorders of the nervous system suffer from a lack of adequate therapeutics to halt or slow disease progression, and to this day, no cure exists for any of the fatal neurodegenerative diseases. In part this is due to the incredible diversity of cell types that comprise the brain, knowledge gaps in understanding basic mechanisms of disease, as well as a lack of reliable strategies for delivering new therapeutic modalities to affected areas. With the advent of single cell genomics, it is now possible to interrogate the molecular characteristics of diverse cell populations and their alterations in diseased states.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSex reversal induced by 17β-estradiol may be achieved by regulating the neuroendocrine system of the Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei.
BMC Genomics
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFMechanistic insights and approaches for beta cell regeneration.
Nat Chem Biol
January 2025
Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden.
Diabetes is characterized by variable loss of insulin-producing beta cells, and new regenerative approaches to increasing the functional beta cell mass of patients hold promise for reversing disease progression. In this Review, we summarize recent chemical biology breakthroughs advancing our knowledge of beta cell regeneration. We present current chemical-based tools, sensors and mechanistic insights into pathways that can be targeted to enhance beta cell regeneration in model organisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHsa_circ_0001304 promotes vascular neointimal hyperplasia accompanied by autophagy activation.
Commun Biol
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
Aberrant autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is associated with the progression of vascular remodeling diseases caused by neointimal hyperplasia. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced vascular remodeling is accompanied by autophagy activation, however, the involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs) remains unclear. Here, we show the role of PDGF-BB-regulated hsa_circ_0001304 (circ-1304) in neointimal hyperplasia and its potential involvement in VSMC autophagy, while also elucidating the potential mechanisms.
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