Pneumadin (PNM) is a decapeptide originally isolated from mammalian lungs, and exerts a potent antidiuretic action by stimulating arginine-vasopressin release. We have recently developed a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for rat PNM and detected high concentrations of PNM--not only in the rat lungs, but also in the prostate. Hence, we investigated whether prostate PNM content is regulated by sex hormones. Male adult rats were orchidectomized or sham-operated and given a subcutaneous injection of testosterone or estradiol (40 and 5 mg/kg), respectively. The animals were decapitated one week after surgery, and their ventral prostates were promptly removed and weighed. PNM concentration and localization in the prostate were investigated by RIA and immunocytochemistry (ICC). Orchidectomy resulted in significant decreases in the prostate weight and PNM concentration, and testosterone administration prevented these effects. Estradiol administration to sham-operated rats caused prostate atrophy without changing PNM concentration. ICC localized PNM immunoreactivity (IR) exclusively in the epithelial cells of the ventral prostate. Orchidectomy markedly reduced PNM-IR concentration, while testosterone abolished this effect. Estradiol did not modify PNM-IR concentration in the atrophic prostate of sham-operated rats. We conclude that PNM content of rat prostate is dependent on the presence of adequate levels of circulating testosterone. The possibility that PNM plays a key role in the maintenance of the prostate growth is unlikely since estradiol-induced gland atrophy is not associated with any decrease in PNM concentration. The localization of PNM in the epithelial cells could suggest that this peptide may be involved in the regulation of some testosterone-dependent secretory functions of the rat prostate.
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