AI Article Synopsis
- Many regulatory genes in plants and animals are paired with complementary microRNAs (miRNAs), indicating that miRNAs play a role as developmental signaling molecules.
- The variation in leaf asymmetry in higher plants is influenced by the HD-ZIPIII gene family, particularly in Arabidopsis where PHABULOSA, PHAVOLUTA, and REVOLUTA control the adaxial (upper) side of leaves.
- miRNA166 is identified as a conserved polarizing signal that directs leaf development in maize and may function as a mobile signaling molecule originating from below the incipient leaf.
Article Abstract
In both animals and plants, many developmentally important regulatory genes have complementary microRNAs (miRNAs), which suggests that these miRNAs constitute a class of developmental signalling molecules. Leaves of higher plants exhibit a varying degree of asymmetry along the adaxial/abaxial (upper/lower) axis. This asymmetry is specified through the polarized expression of class III homeodomain/leucine zipper (HD-ZIPIII) genes. In Arabidopsis, three such genes, PHABULOSA (PHB), PHAVOLUTA (PHV) and REVOLUTA (REV), are expressed throughout the incipient leaf, but become adaxially localized after primordium emergence. Downregulation of the HD-ZIPIII genes allows expression of the KANADI and YABBY genes, which specify abaxial fate. PHB, PHV and REV transcripts contain a complementary site for miRNA165 and miRNA166, which can direct their cleavage in vitro. Here we show that miRNA166 constitutes a highly conserved polarizing signal whose expression pattern spatially defines the expression domain of the maize hd-zipIII family member rolled leaf1 (rld1). Moreover, the progressively expanding expression pattern of miRNA166 during leaf development and its accumulation in phloem suggests that miRNA166 may form a movable signal that emanates from a signalling centre below the incipient leaf.
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