We show that the well established Olami-Feder-Christensen (OFC) model for the dynamics of earthquakes is able to reproduce a striking property of real earthquake data. Recently, it has been pointed out by Abe and Suzuki that the epicenters of earthquakes could be connected in order to generate a graph, with properties of a scale-free network of the Barabási-Albert type. However, only the nonconservative version of the Olami-Feder-Christensen model is able to reproduce this behavior. The conservative version, instead, behaves like a random graph. Besides indicating the robustness of the model to describe earthquake dynamics, those findings reinforce that conservative and nonconservative versions of the OFC model are qualitatively different. Also, we propose a completely different dynamical mechanism that, even without an explicit rule of preferential attachment, generates a scale-free network. The preferential attachment is in this case a "byproduct" of the long term correlations associated with the self-organized critical state.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.69.025101 | DOI Listing |
Phys Rev E
November 2024
Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
We examine the conditions for the emergence of self-organized criticality in the Olami-Feder-Christensen model by introducing a single defect under periodic boundary conditions. Our findings reveal that strong localized energy dissipation is crucial for self-organized criticality emergence, while weak localized or global energy dissipation leads to its disappearance in this model. Furthermore, slight dissipation perturbations to a system in a self-organized criticality reveal a novel state characterized by a limit cycle of distinct configurations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEntropy (Basel)
October 2020
Solid Earth Physics Institute, Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, 157 84 Athens, Greece.
Nowcasting earthquakes, suggested recently as a method to estimate the state of a fault and hence the seismic risk, is based on the concept of natural time. Here, we generalize nowcasting to a prediction method the merits of which are evaluated by means of the receiver operating characteristics. This new prediction method is applied to a simple (toy) model for the waiting (natural) time of the stronger earthquakes, real seismicity, and the Olami-Feder-Christensen earthquake model with interesting results revealing acceptable to excellent or even outstanding performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChaos
September 2020
Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council, 85050 Tito (PZ), Italy.
In this study, we investigate the relationship between topological and seismological parameters of earthquake sequences generated by the Olami-Feder-Christensen (OFC) [Olami et al., Phys. Rev.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev E
February 2020
Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
We show that the Olami-Feder-Christensen model exhibits an effective ergodicity breaking transition as the noise is varied. Above the critical noise, the system is effectively ergodic because the time-averaged stress on each site converges to the global spatial average. In contrast, below the critical noise, the stress on individual sites becomes trapped in different limit cycles, and the system is not ergodic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev E
May 2016
Department of Mathematics and Physics, Second University of Naples, Viale Lincoln 5, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
The relation between seismic moment and fractured area is crucial to earthquake hazard analysis. Experimental catalogs show multiple scaling behaviors, with some controversy concerning the exponent value in the large earthquake regime. Here, we show that the original Olami, Feder, and Christensen model does not capture experimental findings.
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