Three new compounds: begonanline (1). nantoamide (2). and methyl (S)-glycerate (3). as well as forty-four known compounds have been isolated and characterized from the rhizomes of Begonia nantoensis. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectral analyses and/or X-ray crystallography. Among them, cucurbitacin B (4). dihydrocucurbitacin B (5). cucurbitacin E (6). dihydrocucurbitacin E (7). cucurbitacin I (8). and (-)-auranamide (9). showed cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines. 3beta,22alpha-Dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid (10), indole-3-carboxylic acid (11), 5,7-dihydroxychromone (12), and (-)-catechin (13) demonstrated significant activity against HIV replication in H9 lymphocyte cells.
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