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Neurobiology of cancer: Adrenergic signaling and drug repurposing.
Pharmacol Ther
December 2024
The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China. Electronic address:
Cancer neuroscience, as an emerging converging discipline, provides us with new perspectives on the interactions between the nervous system and cancer progression. As the sympathetic nervous system, in particular adrenergic signaling, plays an important role in the regulation of tumor activity at every hierarchical level of life, from the tumor cell to the tumor microenvironment, and to the tumor macroenvironment, it is highly desirable to dissect its effects. Considering the far-reaching implications of drug repurposing for antitumor drug development, such a large number of adrenergic receptor antagonists on the market has great potential as one of the means of antitumor therapy, either as primary or adjuvant therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic agonist, on the differentiation of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells.
Exp Cell Res
November 2024
Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Research on islet replacement through the differentiation of functionally matured insulin-producing β-like cells for the treatment of diabetes presents a significant challenge. Neural signals in β cell differentiation significantly impact the pancreatic microenvironment in glucose metabolism, but they are not fully understood. In this study, isoproterenol, a β adrenoreceptor agonist, was introduced into pancreatic progenitor cells, derived from human pluripotent stem cells in vitro, undergoing endocrine differentiation, using 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) differentiation protocols.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman molecular mechanisms of discogenic low back pain: A scoping review.
J Pain
October 2024
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Clinical Learning, Evidence And Research (CLEAR) Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The review highlights a critical gap in understanding the biological mechanisms of discogenic low back pain (DLBP), which complicates treatment development.
- It emphasizes that most research focuses on disc degeneration rather than directly linking degeneration to pain, indicating a need for more targeted studies on pain-inducing mechanisms.
- Key findings identify TNF-α, the NF-κB signaling pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as significant factors associated with DLBP, while also noting the limitations of existing studies in assessing pain outcomes effectively.
Coupling of β-adrenergic and Hippo pathway signaling: Implications for heart failure pathophysiology and metabolic therapy.
Mitochondrion
September 2024
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
Activation of the sympatho-β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) system is the hallmark of heart disease with adverse consequences that facilitate the onset and progression of heart failure (HF). Use of β-blocking drugs has become the front-line therapy for HF. Last decade has witnessed progress in research demonstrating a pivotal role of Hippo pathway in cardiomyopathy and HF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Na leak channel NALCN controls spontaneous activity and mediates synaptic modulation by α2-adrenergic receptors in auditory neurons.
Elife
January 2024
Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States.
Cartwheel interneurons of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) potently suppress multisensory signals that converge with primary auditory afferent input, and thus regulate auditory processing. Noradrenergic fibers from locus coeruleus project to the DCN, and α2-adrenergic receptors inhibit spontaneous spike activity but simultaneously enhance synaptic strength in cartwheel cells, a dual effect leading to enhanced signal-to-noise for inhibition. However, the ionic mechanism of this striking modulation is unknown.
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