Understanding the anatomy of the brainstem is essential when evaluating disorders of swallowing and breathing. We present a review of the neuroanatomy of the brainstem and related cranial nerves.
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H3K9 post-translational modifications regulate epiblast/primitive endoderm specification in rabbit blastocysts.
Epigenetics Chromatin
January 2025
Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, INRAE USC 1361, Bron, F-69500, France.
Post-translational modifications of histone H3 on lysine 9, specifically acetylation (H3K9ac) and tri-methylation (H3K9me3), play a critical role in regulating chromatin accessibility. However, the role of these modifications in lineage segregation in the mammalian blastocyst remains poorly understood. We demonstrate that di- and tri-methylation marks, H3K9me2 and H3K9me3, decrease during cavitation and expansion of the rabbit blastocyst.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuronal dynamics of cerebellum and medial prefrontal cortex in adaptive motor timing.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Westzeedijk 353, 3015 AA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Precise temporal control of sensorimotor coordination and adaptation is a fundamental basis of animal behavior. How different brain regions are involved in regulating the flexible temporal adaptation remains elusive. Here, we investigated the neuronal dynamics of the cerebellar interposed nucleus (IpN) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons during temporal adaptation between delay eyeblink conditioning (DEC) and trace eyeblink conditioning (TEC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA label-free electrochemical biosensor based on graphene quantum dots-nanoporous gold nanocomposite for highly sensitive detection of glioma cell.
Anal Chim Acta
February 2025
School of Life Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, PR China. Electronic address:
Background: Glioma accounts for 80 % of all malignant primary brain tumors with a high mortality rate. Histopathological examination is the current diagnostic methods for glioma, but its invasive surgical interventions can cause cerebral edema or impair neural functioning. Liquid biopsy proves to be an efficient method for glioma detection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntranasal administration of stem cell-derived exosome alleviates cognitive impairment against subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Exp Neurol
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Introduction: Brain damage caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) currently lacks effective treatment, leading to stagnation in the improvement of functional outcomes for decades. Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of exosomes released from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which effectively attenuate neuronal apoptosis and inflammation in neurological diseases. Due to the challenge of systemic dilution associated with intravenous administration, intranasal delivery has emerged as a novel approach for targeting the brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFerroptosis-related genes participate in the microglia-induced neuroinflammation of spinal cord injury via NF-κB signaling: evidence from integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analysis.
J Transl Med
January 2025
Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
Background: Ferroptosis and immune responses are critical pathological events in spinal cord injury (SCI), whereas relative molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unclear.
Methods: Micro-array datasets (GSE45006, GSE69334), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) dataset (GSE151371), spatial transcriptome datasets (GSE214349, GSE184369), and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets (GSE162610, GSE226286) were available from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis and differential expression analysis in GSE45006, we identified differentially expressed time- and immune-related genes (DETIRGs) associated with chronic SCI and differentially expressed ferroptosis- and immune-related genes (DEFIRGs), which were validated in GSE151371.
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