Treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been implicated in the development of anthropomorphic and metabolic abnormalities termed HIV lipodystrophy syndrome (or LDS). This primer offers a comprehensive overview of LDS including epidemiology, hypothesized etiologies, and clinical consequences. The evidence-based literature is reviewed for current treatment strategies including discontinuation of specific antiretrovirals, pharmacological management of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, exercise training, facial augmentation, liposuction, and hormonal therapy. Patient education, counseling, and adherence are discussed.
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Impact of strength training on reducing risk of fractures in people living with Human Immunodeficiency virus.
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School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The study examines how strength training affects fracture risk in HIV-positive individuals, highlighting that ART can lead to decreased bone mineral density and higher fracture risk.
- Sixteen inactive HIV-positive men underwent 12 weeks of strength training, with improvements in femoral neck bone density and reduced fracture risk observed after the program.
- Results indicated a significant reduction in fracture risks (24.79% for major fractures, 72.85% for femoral neck fractures) and an increase in bone and muscle mass, suggesting strength training benefits for this population, although more research is needed.*
Facial lipoatrophy, a sign of normal aging, also occurs due to lipodystrophy from metabolic disorders affecting lipogenesis. It can be hereditary or acquired, localized or generalized. In HIV patients, prolonged antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a major cause, affecting around 55% of patients with 47% experiencing facial lipoatrophy.
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Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Clin Chim Acta
January 2025
Department of Molecular Biology, National AIDS Research Institute Pune 411026, India. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - The study examined the impact of ApoE gene polymorphisms on HIV-related lipodystrophy (HIVLD) and metabolic abnormalities in 200 HIV-infected patients, revealing that certain genotypes might influence the risk of developing these conditions.
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