Background: Remote access to pediatric cardiology diagnostic services is enabled by real-time transmission of echocardiographic images. Several transmission bandwidths have been used but there has been little analysis of image quality provided by different bandwidths. We designed a study of the quality of transmitted images at various bandwidths.
Methods: Two echocardiographers viewed randomly a series of 13 recorded pediatric echocardiographic images either directly or after transmission using 1 of 4 bandwidths: 256; 384; 512; or 768 kbps. An image clarity scoring scale was used to assess image quality of cardiac structures.
Results: Measurable differences were found in image quality with different transmission bandwidths; 512 kbps was the minimum for consistently clear imaging of all cardiac structures examined.
Conclusion: Bandwidth greater than 512 kbps confers sharper images subjectively although this could not be quantified by our methods.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2003.12.006 | DOI Listing |
Commun Eng
January 2025
THz-Photonics Group, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
New applications such as the Internet of Things, autonomous driving, Industry X.0 and many more will transmit sensitive information via fibers and over the air with envisioned data rates beyond terabits per second. Therefore, the encryption has to be simple, fast and spectrally efficient, so that the power consumption and latency are low and the scarce bandwidth is not wasted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNano Lett
January 2025
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a robust wide-field optical nanoscopy technique. Several approaches are implemented to improve SIM's resolution capability (∼2-fold). However, achieving a high resolution with a large field of view (FOV) is still challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAs a low-energy method to increase the data rate of optical links in data centers, we propose self-homodyne Nyquist optical time division multiplexing (OTDM). In Nyquist OTDM, spectrally efficient high-baud rate signals can be generated exceeding the limit of electronic signal processing. However, full integration of OTDM systems has not been reported, mainly because of the complicated signal detection scheme, which involves demultiplexing and clock recovery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChirp modulation can generate a relatively flat electro-optic frequency comb (EO comb) and offers the advantage of frequency reconfigurability, demonstrating significant potential in high-precision sensing and absorption spectroscopy measurements. However, nonresonant devices such as waveguides are susceptible to limitations in modulation efficiency and bandwidth during electro-optic modulation. In this paper, by utilizing chirp modulation resonance mode, we have realized an EO comb based on a lithium niobate resonator with small tooth spacing and high flatness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe present a wideband rectifying metasurface (RMS) with enhanced system efficiency for wireless power transmission and energy harvesting. The RMS consists of periodic arrays with integrated diodes, with a high input impedance matched with the diodes, thus eliminating the matching network between metasurface (MS) and rectifier. Besides, a unique harmonic feedback network is embedded in each unit cell, rectifying the high-order harmonic generated by the diode repeatedly, improving the total efficiency over a wide bandwidth.
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