How against HIV - using Immunology or Genetic Engineering represents a thinking about the way how to overarch the HIV virus. Namely, by the combination of Immunological and the methods of Genetic Engineering, we could create a new nonreproducible virus which would be a competitor to real HIV for CD4 receptors. Competitors, by their affinity, would be acting in order to engage the CD4 receptors, making them nonaccessible for real HIV. But, at the same time, competitors, by their size, would be just physically covering a small deal of CD4 receptors. That way these free CD4 receptors would also be nonaccessible for real HIV, but accessible for immunomolecules, like, for an example MHC II is. That way the physiological role of CD4 receptors in immunological reactions, would be saved, and that fact would help us in our intention to expel the provirus integrated in its host CD4 lymphocite, by already known immunological mechanisms. Out of the host cell (CD4 Lymphocite) the HIV virus is very responsive for our Immune System and it would be destroyed.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2003.07.001 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Celiac Disease: A Transitional Point of View.
Nutrients
January 2025
Clinical Immunology Outpatient Clinic, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University of Campania, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic, lifelong, multifactorial, polygenic, and autoimmune disorder, characteristically triggered by exposure to the exogenous factor "gluten" in genetically predisposed individuals, with resulting duodenal inflammation and enteropathy, as well as heterogeneous multisystemic and extraintestinal manifestations. The immunopathogenesis of CeD is complex, favored by a peculiar human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic predisposition, leading to gluten presentation by antigen-presenting cells to CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, T cell-B cell interactions, and production of specific antibodies, resulting in the immune-mediated killing of enterocytes and, macroscopically, in duodenal inflammation. Here, the most relevant correlations between cellular and molecular aspects and clinical manifestations of this complex disease are reviewed, with final considerations on nutritional aspects for disease management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening for people presenting with advanced HIV disease (AHD) and for those with positive CrAg without evidence of meningitis to initiate preemptive antifungal medication. Data on the implementation of WHO recommendations regarding CrAg screening is limited. We estimated pooled prevalence of CrAg screening uptake, cryptococcal antigenemia, lumbar puncture, cryptococcal meningitis and initiation of preemptive antifungal medication from available eligible published studies conducted in Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFT4 Phage Displaying Dual Antigen Clusters Against H3N2 Influenza Virus Infection.
Vaccines (Basel)
January 2025
College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Background: The current H3N2 influenza subunit vaccine exhibits weak immunogenicity, which limits its effectiveness in preventing and controlling influenza virus infections.
Methods: In this study, we aimed to develop a T4 phage-based nanovaccine designed to enhance the immunogenicity of two antigens by displaying the HA1 and M2e antigens of the H3N2 influenza virus on each phage nanoparticle. Specifically, we fused the Soc protein with the HA1 antigen and the Hoc protein with the M2e antigen, assembling them onto a T4 phage that lacks Soc and Hoc proteins (SocHocT4), thereby constructing a nanovaccine that concurrently presents both HA1 and M2e antigens.
Virus-Mimicking Polymer Nanocomplexes Co-Assembling HCV E1E2 and Core Proteins with TLR 7/8 Agonist-Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vivo Activity.
J Funct Biomater
January 2025
Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland Rockville, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health concern, and the development of an effective HCV vaccine plays an important role in the effort to prevent new infections. Supramolecular co-assembly and co-presentation of the HCV envelope E1E2 heterodimer complex and core protein presents an attractive vaccine design strategy for achieving effective humoral and cellular immunity. With this objective, the two antigens were non-covalently assembled with an immunostimulant (TLR 7/8 agonist) into virus-mimicking polymer nanocomplexes (VMPNs) using a biodegradable synthetic polyphosphazene delivery vehicle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFESAT-6 protein suppresses allograft rejection by inducing CD4Foxp3 regulatory T cells through IκBα/cRel pathway.
Front Immunol
January 2025
Section of Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Background: Maintenance immunosuppression is required for suppression of alloimmunity or allograft rejection. However, continuous use of immunosuppressants may lead to various side effects, necessitating the use of alternative immunosuppressive drugs. The early secreted antigenic target of 6 kDa (ESAT-6) is a virulence factor and immunoregulatory protein of mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which alters host immunity through dually regulating development or activation of various immune cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!