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Smokeless tobacco or nicotine replacement therapy has no effect on serum immunoglobulin levels. | LitMetric
Background : Tobacco smokers have lower serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)G, mainly due to lower levels of IgG2, than non-smokers. The component(s) in tobacco smoke responsible for this effect is unknown, but animal studies have implicated nicotine as a major contributor to the immunologic effects of smoking. Does nicotine exposure due to use of smokeless tobacco (oral moist snuff) or nicotine replacement therapy influence serum Ig levels in humans?Methods : Serum content of Ig classes and IgG subclasses was analysed in 77 non-smoking nicotine consumers, including 48 users of oral moist snuff (smokeless tobacco users) and 29 ex-smokers on nicotine replacement therapy, and compared with 44 healthy controls. Former smokers in any group had quit smoking at least 6 months prior to study entry. Ig class and IgG subclass levels were determined by radial immunodiffusion. Systemic nicotine exposure was excluded and confirmed by measuring urine content of cotinine using a quantitative radioimmunoassay.Results : Ig class and IgG subclass levels did not differ significantly between the groups, with the sole exception of IgG4, which was significantly lower in nicotine consumers than in healthy subjects (0.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.4 g/l, mean +/- SD, 95% confidence interval [-0.3;-0.05]). There was no correlation between any Ig variable and cotinine concentration.Conclusions : The decreased levels of IgG and IgG2 seen in tobacco smokers do not seem to be an effect of systemic exposure to nicotine.
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