Viral croup is the most common form of airway obstruction in children six months to six years of age. The frightening nature of croup often prompts parents and caregivers to seek physician consultation. For children with mild croup, symptomatic care and mist therapy may be all that is necessary. Epinephrine has been used for decades to treat more severe cases of croup, but recent meta-analyses have found that glucocorticoid use is associated with shorter hospital stays, improvement in croup scores, and less use of epinephrine. Studies have shown that treatment with 0.6 mg per kg of oral dexamethasone is as effective as intramuscular dexamethasone or 2 mg of nebulized budesonide. Oral dexamethasone in dosages as low as 0.15 mg per kg also may be effective. While more studies are needed to establish guidelines, oral dexamethasone can be used to treat mild to moderate croup with close follow-up and instructions for further care, if needed.
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J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect
March 2025
Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Purpose: To present a case of presumed limited granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) associated with anterior scleritis and ciliary body inflammatory granuloma which was treated with systemic rituximab (RTX), oral mycophenolate mofetil, and intravitreal (IVT) dexamethasone implant.
Observations: We report a patient presenting with sectoral scleritis and ciliary body granuloma in the left eye. The patient also had a nasal sinus granuloma which was biopsied three times with negative results for malignancy and fungal infections.
Nutrients
February 2025
College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266400, China.
Background: Skeletal muscle, as the largest organ in the body and the main protein pool, is crucial for various physiological processes, but atrophy of skeletal muscle can result from glucocorticoids, including dexamethasone, or from aging. Astaxanthin (AST) is a ketocarotenoid with a variety of physiological activities. However, the clinical application of AST is hampered by its strong hydrophobicity, intense off-flavors, and susceptibility to oxidation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOral Maxillofac Surg
March 2025
Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Background: Bone defects, particularly in the mandible, pose significant clinical challenges due to the limited regenerative capacity. Effective bone tissue engineering requires biomaterials that promote both osteogenesis and angiogenesis. This study developed an optimized collagen-nano hydroxyapatite scaffold loaded with dexamethasone and stem cells to enhance bone regeneration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlucocorticoids such as dexamethasone have shown promising therapeutic effects in conquering oral ulcers. Challenges in this area are focused on enhancing the localized curative effects and responsive release. Herein, we presented a novel MXene-integrated responsive hydrogel microneedle delivering dexamethasone to promote the healing of oral ulceration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Endocrinol Metab
February 2025
Center for Adrenal Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Background: A continuum of non-suppressible aldosterone production has been demonstrated in normotensive individuals, termed subclinical primary aldosteronism (PA), and is consistently associated with increased risk for developing hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The hormonal mechanisms accounting for subclinical PA are not well understood.
Method: To quantify the magnitude of subclinical PA, prospectively recruited normotensive participants (n=75) had their maximally suppressed plasma aldosterone assessed after maintaining supine posture following an oral sodium loading protocol.
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