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Developing Correlates of Protection for Vaccines Is Needed More than Ever-Influenza, COVID-19 and RSV Infection.
Viruses
October 2024
Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
One of the greatest success stories of modern medicine is the prevention of infectious diseases by vaccination, most notably against smallpox and poliomyelitis. However, recent events, such as the 2009-2010 swine flu and the 2020 COVID-19 pandemics, as well as the continued emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses highlighted the fact that we still need to develop new vaccines, and perhaps we should be proactive, rather than reacting to epidemics and pandemics. However, the development of tools for evaluating novel vaccines has not been able to keep up with the rate of vaccine production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Peculiar Emergence of Mpox (Monkeypox): Directions for the Search for the Natural Reservoir and Vaccination Strategies.
Vaccines (Basel)
October 2024
Institut Pasteur, Unité d'Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes, 75015 Paris, France.
Mpox (monkeypox) is a zoonosis with origins in a currently unknown African reservoir. The first epidemiological accounts of mpox date back to the early 1980s, yet mpox only emerged as a pandemic threat in 2022-2023, more than 40 years later. This scenario is very different from those of other emerging diseases such as HIV and SARS, which immediately spread globally, in fully susceptible populations, starting from patients zero.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMpox and Lessons Learned in the Light of the Recent Outbreak: A Narrative Review.
Viruses
October 2024
Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece.
According to the WHO, more than 90,000 cases of mpox have been reported since the 2022 worldwide outbreak, which resulted in 167 deaths, while a new outbreak in Africa since 2023 has resulted in over 18,000 cases and 617 deaths. Mpox is a zoonosis caused by the monkeypox virus, a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus, which causes smallpox-like illness. Until 2022, cases were predominately located in West and Central Africa, with only sporadic cases and outbreaks reported in other parts of the world.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPerceptions of childhood immunization in São Paulo: quantitative-qualitative cross-sectional study.
Sao Paulo Med J
October 2024
Professor, Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil.
Background: Vaccination hesitation spans from historical diseases such as smallpox to the current challenges with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In Brazil, vaccination faces obstacles related to trust and convenience. Despite the National Immunization Program, fear of adverse effects as well as misinformation challenge confidence in vaccines, and anti-vaccine movements have gained momentum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- * Factors that usually reduce the severity of respiratory viruses include heat sensitivity and changes to virus surface proteins, but certain conditions and human activities could lead to increased pathogenicity.
- * If we manage to mitigate negative influences like poor hygiene and overcrowded settings, SARS-CoV-2 may evolve to be milder over time, although this process could take up to two decades.
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