Isolation and partial characterization of Gal alpha-containing polyglycosylceramides from porcine tissues.

Mammalian cell surface carbohydrate antigens are present both as glycoproteins and glycolipids. Of the glycolipids, polyglycosylceramides (PGC) have very long carbohydrate chains extending out from the cell surface. Hereto, Gal alpha-terminating xenoantigens in pig tissues have been identified in glycoproteins and short chain glycolipids but no studies of the complex PGC have been performed. In this communication, we describe the isolation and partial characterization of PGC from pig erythrocytes, small intestinal mucosa, kidney and liver. The mucosa, kidney and liver PGC fractions contained a complex pattern of Gal alpha antigens as shown by immunostaining using the Griffonia Simplicifolia isolectin B(4) while no reactivity was found with the erythrocyte PGC fractions. The mucosa PGC fractions stained strongly for blood group A antigens while the erythrocyte PGC fractions were negative. The presence of Gal alpha-terminating PGC compounds in porcine tissue adds further complexity to the distribution of this xenoantigen. Due to the long carbohydrate chains, PGC will be important targets for the Gal alpha xenoantibodies in pig to human xenotransplantation.