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Bilateral hippocampal toxicity in a patient using kratom.
BMJ Case Rep
January 2025
Trident Medical Center, North Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
As an emerging toxic recreational drug, kratom use has been associated with a range of adverse effects, but reports of structural changes in the central nervous system are rare. We report a case of a young man in his 20s with a history of anxiety and depression who presented with an altered mental status and anterograde and retrograde amnesia following kratom use. His labs showed elevated alanine aminotransferase and ammonia levels, and his MRI revealed bilateral hippocampal T2 hyperintensity signal changes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCardiac calcified amorphous tumor as a potential cause of cerebral infarction: A clinical case report.
Radiol Case Rep
March 2025
Department of Radiology, Tenri Hospital, Nara, Japan.
We report the case of a 62-year-old male on long-term hemodialysis who was admitted to our hospital due to acute cerebral infarction associated with a cardiac calcified amorphous tumor (CAT). The patient presented with recurrent episodes of syncope and retrograde amnesia. Brain MRI identified multiple acute cerebral infarctions, while transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed a 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn "Engram-Centric" Approach to Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) and Other Acute-Onset Amnesias.
Neurol Int
January 2025
Department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
The differential diagnosis of acute-onset amnesia includes transient global amnesia (TGA), transient epileptic amnesia (TEA), and functional (or psychogenic) amnesia. The most common of these, TGA, is a rare but well-described condition characterised by a self-limited episode of dense anterograde amnesia with variable retrograde amnesia. Although the clinical phenomenology of TGA is well described, its pathogenesis is not currently understood, thus preventing the development of evidence-based therapeutic recommendations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHippocampal Lesions in Male Rats Produce Retrograde Memory Loss for Over-Trained Spatial Memory but Do Not Impact Appetitive-Contextual Memory: Implications for Theories of Memory Organization in the Mammalian Brain.
J Neurosci Res
January 2025
Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the role of the hippocampus (HPC) and amygdala in memory formation, particularly focusing on retrograde amnesia that occurs after HPC disruption.
- Findings reveal that damage to the HPC does not affect conditioned place preference (CPP) tasks, which rely on the basolateral amygdala, suggesting that not all learning tasks require HPC involvement.
- Additional experiments using the Morris water task indicate that while HPC damage impairs performance, other memory networks can't fully compensate when certain training methods are used, highlighting the complexity of memory processing.
Punctate Hippocampal Hyperintensities on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Following Epileptic Seizures: A Case Report.
Cureus
November 2024
Department of Neurology, Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, JPN.
Article Synopsis
- Punctate hippocampal hyperintensity (PHH) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is typically associated with transient global amnesia (TGA) but can also appear in other contexts, such as in a 56-year-old male after seizures.
- The patient experienced focal onset bilateral tonic-clonic seizures and exhibited bilateral PHHs in the CA1 regions of the hippocampus without showing TGA symptoms.
- This case suggests that PHH may have broader clinical significance beyond TGA, raising questions about the mechanisms behind its occurrence in epileptic events.
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