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Hypophosphatasia: Vitamin B status of affected children and adults.
Bone
January 2022
Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA. Electronic address:
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is the heritable dento-osseous disease caused by loss-of-function mutation(s) of the gene ALPL that encodes the tissue-nonspecific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). TNSALP is a cell-surface homodimeric phosphomonoester phosphohydrolase expressed in healthy people especially in the skeleton, liver, kidneys, and developing teeth. In HPP, diminished TNSALP activity leads to extracellular accumulation of its natural substrates including inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), an inhibitor of mineralization, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the principal circulating form of vitamin B (B).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStructure and Pathologies of Articular Cartilage.
In Vivo
June 2021
Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
The aim of the review was to describe a complex microstructure and biomechanical properties of the articular cartilage as well as a current review of its pathologies encountered in veterinary practice. The articular cartilage with its unique features: complex microarchitecture, significant mechanical durability and elasticity, lacking blood, lymphatic vessels, and innervation, seems to stand in contradiction to the laws of biology. It can be involved in a vast majority of diseases, from osteoarthrosis as a result of natural aging process to more complex in nature like osteochondromatosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVitamin A administration in lizards during tail regeneration determines epithelial mucogenesis and delays muscle and cartilage differentiation.
J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol
January 2020
Comparative Histolab Padova, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Regenerating epidermis and spinal cord is essential to maintain tail regeneration in lizards. The effects of vitamin A, an inhibitor of epithelial cornification, have been studied in lizards during tail regeneration. The injection of high doses of vitamin A induces regeneration of a thinner tail with gummy consistency and suppression of the formation of a normal cartilaginous axial skeleton.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCorrection osteotomy for bilateral varus knee deformity caused by premature epiphyseal closure induced by hypervitaminosis A: a case report.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord
June 2019
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
Background: A vitamin A derivative, 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin), has been administered to treat several types of pediatric cancer and has improved survival rates in patients despite being known to induce premature epiphyseal closure. As the number of patients treated by 13-cis-retinoic acid increases, demands for salvage treatment after systemic retinoid therapy are emerging. However, few studies have described the surgical treatment of this disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVitamin A decreases the anabolic bone response to mechanical loading by suppressing bone formation.
FASEB J
April 2019
Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Increased vitamin A consumption is associated with decreased cortical bone mass and increased fracture risk in humans. Rodent studies have demonstrated that hypervitaminosis A increases cortical bone resorption, whereas the importance of the effects on bone formation is less well defined. We used an experimental model of increased bone formation by loading of the tibiae to investigate the effect of vitamin A on bone formation.
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