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Metabolically stable apelin analogs: development and functional role in water balance and cardiovascular function.

Clin Sci (Lond)

January 2025

Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.

Apelin, a (neuro) vasoactive peptide, plays a prominent role in controlling water balance and cardiovascular functions. Apelin and its receptor co-localize with vasopressin in magnocellular vasopressinergic neurons. Apelin receptors (Apelin-Rs) are also expressed in the collecting ducts of the kidney, where vasopressin type 2 receptors are also present.

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Objective: Mechanisms underlying metabolic improvement following metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) may provide insight into novel therapies. Vasopressin improves body composition and protects against hypoglycemia. Associations of copeptin, a stable cleavage product of vasopressin, with BMI and insulin resistance suggest an adaptive increase in vasopressin to counteract metabolic disruption.

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Goreisan promotes diuresis by regulating the abundance of aquaporin 2 phosphorylated at serine 269 through calcium-sensing receptor activation.

Sci Rep

November 2024

TSUMURA Kampo Research Laboratories, Research & Development Division, TSUMURA & CO., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan.

Article Synopsis
  • Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) is essential for water reabsorption and urine concentration, and its localization in kidney cells is influenced by anti-diuretic hormones, making it a target for specific medications.
  • This study looked at how Goreisan (GRS), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, affects urine production and AQP2 levels in mice, particularly under conditions induced by desmopressin.
  • Findings revealed that GRS enhances diuretic effects by temporarily raising calcium levels in cells and decreasing the accumulation of phosphorylated AQP2 at the kidney's luminal surface, thus helping to regulate urine volume.
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Glaucoma-inducing retinal ganglion cell degeneration alters diurnal rhythm of key molecular components of the central clock and locomotor activity in mice.

FASEB J

October 2024

Laboratório de Cronobiologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil.

Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy characterized by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). These cells play a crucial role in transmitting visual and non-visual information to brain regions, including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), responsible for synchronizing biological rhythms. To understand how glaucoma affects circadian rhythm synchronization, we investigated potential changes in the molecular clock machinery in the SCN.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the wearing of hearing protection has a positive influence on stress levels during an MRI examination in dogs under anaesthesia. To this end, the stress hormones cortisol and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were measured in the saliva of patients wearing hearing protection during an MRI scan, as well as in the control group without hearing protection, before and after the scan. Pulse rate and noise level were also measured during the MRI.

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